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Source: Translational Stroke Research
Condition: Ischemic Stroke
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Total 404 results found since Jan 2013.
Stroke Center Care and Outcome: Results from the CSPPC Stroke Program
AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the association between admission to stroke centers for acute ischemic stroke and complications and mortality during hospitalization in a Chinese population by means of an observational study using data from the China Stroke Center Data-Sharing Platform. We compared in-hospital complications and mortality for patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke (N = 13,236) between November 1, 2018 and December 31, 2018 at stroke center (SH) and non-stroke center (CH) hospitals using distance to hospitals as an instrumental variable to adjust for potential prehospital selection bias....
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 7, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Infarct Evolution in a Large Animal Model of Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
AbstractMechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of ischemic stroke shows high rates of recanalization; however, some patients still have a poor clinical outcome. A proposed reason for this relates to the fact that the ischemic infarct growth differs significantly between patients. While some patients demonstrate rapid evolution of their infarct core (fast evolvers), others have substantial potentially salvageable penumbral tissue even hours after initial vessel occlusion (slow evolvers). We show that the dog middle cerebral artery occlusion model recapitulates this key aspect of human stroke rendering it a highly desirab...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 2, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke Gene Expression Fingerprint in Blood: a Systematic Review and Verification Analysis
AbstractAn accurate etiological classification is key to optimize secondary prevention after ischemic stroke, but the cause remains undetermined in one third of patients. Several studies pointed out the usefulness of circulating gene expression markers to discriminate cardioembolic (CE) strokes, mainly due to atrial fibrillation (AF), while only exploring them in small cohorts. A systematic review of studies analyzing high-throughput gene expression in blood samples to discriminate CE strokes was performed. Significantly dysregulated genes were considered as candidates, and a selection of them was validated by RT-qPCR in 1...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Ischemic Neuroprotectant PKC ε Restores Mitochondrial Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase in the Neuronal NADH Shuttle after Ischemic Injury
AbstractThe preservation of mitochondrial function is a major protective strategy for cerebral ischemic injuries. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that protein kinase C epsilon (PKC ε) promotes the synthesis of mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ along with its reducing equivalent, NADH, is an essential co-factor needed for energy production from glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Yet, NAD+/NADH are impermeable to the inner mitochondrial membrane and their import into the mitochondria requires the activity of specific shuttles. The most important neuronal NAD+/NADH shuttle is the mal...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 30, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Perfusion Changes of Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration After Reperfusion Therapy
AbstractEarly neurological deterioration (END) after thrombolysis occurs in 10% acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, and its mechanism remains unclear in majority of cases, named as unexplained END. We tested the hypothesis that penumbra/infarct growth beyond the initial penumbra might be the cause of unexplained END. We reviewed the database of AIS patients who received reperfusion therapy. Unexplained END was defined as ≥ 2-point increase of NIHSS from baseline to 24 h, without straightforward causes. For each unexplained END patient, we extracted 2 matched controls based on 4 clinical and radiological characterist...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 27, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A Brain-Targeted Orally Available ROCK2 Inhibitor Benefits Mild and Aggressive Cavernous Angioma Disease
AbstractCavernous angioma (CA) is a vascular pathology caused by loss of function in one of the 3 CA genes (CCM1,CCM2, andCCM3) that result in rho kinase (ROCK) activation. We investigated a novel ROCK2 selective inhibitor for the ability to reduce brain lesion formation, growth, and maturation. We used genetic methods to explore the use of a ROCK2-selective kinase inhibitor to reduce growth and hemorrhage of CAs. The role of ROCK2 in CA was investigated by crossingRock1 orRock2 hemizygous mice withCcm1 orCcm3 hemizygous mice, and we found reduced lesions in theRock2 hemizygous mice. A ROCK2-selective inhibitor, BA-1049 wa...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 23, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Change in CSF Dynamics Responsible for ICP Elevation After Ischemic Stroke in Rats: a New Mechanism for Unexplained END?
AbstractIt has been proposed that intracranial pressure (ICP) elevation and collateral failure are responsible for unexplained early neurological deterioration (END) in stroke. The study ’s aims were to investigate whether cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) dynamics, rather than edema, are responsible for elevation of ICP after ischemic stroke. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) was induced with an intraluminal filament. At 24 h after stroke, baseline ICP was measured an d CSF dynamics were probed via a steady-state infusion method. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging wer...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Central Noradrenergic Agonists in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke —an Overview
AbstractIschemic stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with a significant health burden worldwide and few treatment options. Among the short- and long-term effects of ischemic stroke is the cardiovascular sympathetic autonomic dysfunction, presented in part as the by-product of the ischemic damage to the noradrenergic centers of the brain. Unlike high levels in the plasma, the brain may face suboptimal levels of norepinephrine (NE), with adverse effects on the clinical and functional outcomes of ischemic stroke. The intravenous administration of NE and other sympathomimetic agents, in an attempt to increas...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 19, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Adult Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone and Its Regulation After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Approaches
AbstractAdult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone is a topic of intense research, since it has vast implications for the fundamental understanding of the neurobiology of the brain and its potential to being harnessed for therapy in various neurological disorders. Investigation of adult neurogenesis has been complicated by the difficulties with characterization of neural stem cells in vivo. However, recent single-cell transcriptomic studies provide more detailed information on marker expression in neural stem cells and their neuronal lineage, which hopefully will result in a more unified discussion. Regulation of the mu...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Activation of Sigma-1 Receptor Enhanced Pericyte Survival via the Interplay Between Apoptosis and Autophagy: Implications for Blood –Brain Barrier Integrity in Stroke
This study identified the unique roles for σ-1R in mediating pericyte survival via the regulation of the interplay between apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that a novel σ-1R agonist may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of stroke patients.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 8, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Proteomic-Based Approaches for the Study of Ischemic Stroke
Source: Translational Stroke Research - July 4, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Impaired Collateral Flow in Pial Arterioles of Aged Rats During Ischemic Stroke
AbstractCerebral collateral circulation and age are critical factors in determining outcome from acute ischemic stroke. Aging may lead to rarefaction of cerebral collaterals, and thereby accelerate ischemic injury by reducing penumbral blood flow. Dynamic changes in pial collaterals after onset of cerebral ischemia may vary with age but have not been extensively studied. Here, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) and two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) were combined to monitor cerebral pial collaterals between the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in young adult and aged male Spr...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - June 14, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Therapeutic Role of a Cysteine Precursor, OTC, in Ischemic Stroke Is Mediated by Improved Proteostasis in Mice
AbstractOxidative stress aggravates brain injury following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). We previously showed that ubiquilin-1 (Ubqln1), a ubiquitin-like protein, improves proteostasis and protects brains against oxidative stress and I/R-induced brain injury. Here, we demonstrate that a small molecule compound, L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (OTC) that functions as a precursor of cysteine, upregulated Ubqln1 and protected cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation –induced cell death in neuronal cultures. Further, the administration of OTC either at 1 h prior to ischemia or 3 h after the reperfusion significantly re...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 1, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Obesity Paradox in Ischemic Stroke: Clinical and Molecular Insights
AbstractIt has recently emerged the concept of “obesity paradox,” a term used to describe the unexpected improved prognosis and lower mortality rates found in several diseases in patients with higher body weight. Concerning stroke, few clinical studies have assessed this obesity paradox showing contradictory results. Therefore, our aim was t o compare clinical evolution and inflammatory balance of obese and non-obese patients after ischemic stroke. We designed a prospective case-control study in patients with acute ischemic stroke categorized into obese (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI <...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - April 12, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Neuroprotection Induced by Energy and Protein-Energy Undernutrition Is Phase-Dependent After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Mice
AbstractMalnutrition predisposes to poor stroke outcome. In animal models, undernutrition protected against ischemic injury in some, but not in other studies. In view of diverse stroke models and food restriction paradigms, the consequences of undernutrition are poorly understood. Herein, we exposed mice to energy-reduced and protein-energy-reduced diets for 7 –30 days and subsequently induced intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Undernutrition phase dependently influenced ischemic injury. Short-lasting 7 days of protein-energy undernutrition, but not energy undernutrition, decreased post-ischemic brain leuko...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 17, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
