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Cerebral basis of posttraumatic stress disorder following the Chernobyl disaster.
CONCLUSIONS: PTSD following radiation emergency is characterized by comorbidity of psychopathology, neurocognitive deficit, and cerebrovascular pathology with increased risk of cerebral atherosclerosis and stroke. The cerebral basis of this PTSD is proposed to be an abnormal communication between the pyramidal cells of the neocortex and the hippocampus, and deep brain structures. It is recommended that a system of emergency and long-term psychological and psychiatric care be organized for the survivors in Fukushima Daichi, Japan. PMID: 23445934 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: CNS Spectrums - February 27, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: Loganovsky KN, Zdanevich NA Tags: CNS Spectr Source Type: research

Disconnection between the default mode network and medial temporal lobes in post-traumatic amnesia
See Bigler (doi:10.1093/aww277) for a scientific commentary on this article. Post-traumatic amnesia is very common immediately after traumatic brain injury. It is characterized by a confused, agitated state and a pronounced inability to encode new memories and sustain attention. Clinically, post-traumatic amnesia is an important predictor of functional outcome. However, despite its prevalence and functional importance, the pathophysiology of post-traumatic amnesia is not understood. Memory processing relies on limbic structures such as the hippocampus, parahippocampus and parts of the cingulate cortex. These structures are...
Source: Brain - December 1, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: De Simoni, S., Grover, P. J., Jenkins, P. O., Honeyfield, L., Quest, R. A., Ross, E., Scott, G., Wilson, M. H., Majewska, P., Waldman, A. D., Patel, M. C., Sharp, D. J. Tags: CNS Injury and Stroke Original Articles Source Type: research

Vagus nerve stimulation enhances fear extinction as an inverted-U function of stimulation intensity
Exp Neurol. 2021 Apr 9:113718. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113718. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTStudies in rodents indicate that pairing vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with extinction training enhances fear extinction. However, the role of stimulation parameters on the effects of VNS remains largely unknown. Identifying the optimal stimulation intensity is a critical step in clinical translation of neuromodulation-based therapies. Here, we sought to investigate the role of stimulation intensity in rats receiving VNS paired with extinction training in a rat model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Male Sprague-Dawl...
Source: Experimental Neurology - April 12, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Rimenez R Souza Nicole M Robertson Christa K McIntyre Robert L Rennaker Seth A Hays Michael P Kilgard Source Type: research