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Prefrontal Cortex Stroke Induces Delayed Impairment in Spatial Memory.
Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. Little is known about the effects of stroke on cognitive deficits. The subtle nature of cognition and its respective domains in areas such as working memory and attention can make this difficult to diagnose and treat. We aimed to establish a model of focal ischemia that targets the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and induce memory impairments. Stroke and sham mice were assessed at one and four-weeks post-stroke on various tests: open-field task to assess activity; grid-walk and cylinder task to assess motor impairments; elevated plus maze to assess anxiety; nov...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 22, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Zhou LY, Wright TE, Clarkson AN Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Alterations in anxiety and social behaviour in Npas4 deficient mice following photochemically-induced focal cortical stroke.
In this study we investigated the role of Npas4 in modulating these stroke-induced neuropsychiatric responses by comparing the performance of wildtype and Npas4(-/-) mice in various cognitive and behavioural tasks in a photochemical model of focal cortical stroke. We show that this stroke model results in impaired spatial recognition memory and a reduction in despair-like behaviour that affect both genotypes to a similar degree. Moreover, mice lacking Npas4 also show differences in some aspects of post-stroke sociability and anxiety. Specifically, we show that while stroke had no effect on anxiety levels in wildtype mice, ...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 25, 2016 Category: Neurology Authors: Klarić TS, Jaehne EJ, Koblar SA, Baune BT, Lewis MD Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Social isolation after stroke leads to depressive-like behavior and decreased BDNF levels in mice.
In this study, we investigated both the sub-acute (2 weeks) and chronic (7 weeks) effects of social isolation on post-stroke functional and histological outcome. Worsened histological damage from ischemic injury and an increase in depressive-like behavior was observed in isolated mice as compared to pair-housed mice. Mice isolated immediately after stroke showed a decrease in the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These changes, both histological and behavioral, suggest an overall negative effect of social isolation on stroke outcome, potentially contributing to post-stroke depression and anxiety. Therefor...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - November 5, 2013 Category: Neurology Authors: O'Keefe LM, Doran SJ, Mwilambwe-Tshilobo L, Conti LH, Venna VR, McCullough LD Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Assessing cognitive function following medial prefrontal stroke in the rat.
Abstract Cognitive impairments are prevalent following clinical stroke; however, preclinical research has focused almost exclusively on motor deficits. In order to conduct systematic evaluations into the nature of post-stroke cognitive dysfunction and recovery, it is crucial to develop focal stroke models that predominantly affect cognition while leaving motor function intact. Herein, we evaluated a range of cognitive functions 1-4 months following focal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) stroke using a battery of tests. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent focal ischemia induced in the mPFC using bilateral intracerebr...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 5, 2015 Category: Neurology Authors: Livingston-Thomas JM, Jeffers MS, Nguemeni C, Shoichet MS, Morshead CM, Corbett D Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Effects of wheel-running on anxiety and depression-relevant behaviours in the MCAO mouse model of stroke: moderation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and serotonin receptor gene expression
We report that MCAO induced hypo-locomotion and anhedonia-related behaviours, with some improvements conferred by wheel-running. Serotonin transporter gene expression was increased in the MCAO hippocampus and frontal cortex, but this increase remained despite wheel-running. Wheel-running associated up-regulation of BDNF gene expression was unaffected in MCAO mice, reflecting conservation of key neuroplasticity molecular pathways. Taken together, our results highlight the need for further research into serotonergic modulation of the affective symptoms of stroke.PMID:35777551 | DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113983
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Vanessa H Brait Katherine A Jackman Terence Y Pang Source Type: research

Effect of ischemic lesions in medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens on affective behavior in rats.
Abstract Post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke anxiety (PSA) are usually undertreated and many cases may remain undiagnosed, indicating a need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Current animal models of PSD and PSA using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model may be associated with motor deficits that can interfere with behavioral tests of depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Unilateral lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been reported to induce a depression- and anxiety-like phenotype in mice. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of unilateral microin...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - September 11, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Happ DF, Wegener G, Tasker RA Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

CRS induces depression-like behavior after MCAO in rats possibly by activating p38 MAPK
Behav Brain Res. 2022 Sep 10:114104. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114104. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTPost-stroke depression (PSD) is a common neuropsychiatric complication of stroke, which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PSD remains unclear. In our study, a PSD rat model was established by chronic restraint stress (CRS) combined with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Depressive and anxiety-like behaviors were tested, as well as Neuronal loss and Apoptosis. The expression of synapse and p38 MAPK signaling pathway -relevant proteins was detected. Our dat...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - September 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Lingyun Zhi Fuping Zhang Huanhuan Liu Xinhui Jiang Yunfei Zhang Qianling Yang Xinyue Zhang Mengke Liu Zhaohui Zhang Jinggui Song Source Type: research

The spontaneously hypertensive rat/Izm (SHR/Izm) shows attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors but without impulsive behavior: Therapeutic implications of low-dose methylphenidate.
In this study, ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm were evaluated compared to Wistar rats. SHR/Izm showed high locomotor activity in the habituation phase in a novel environment, although locomotor activity in the initial exploratory phase was low. In a behavioral test for attention, spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze test was impaired in SHR/Izm. However, impulsive behavior in the elevated-plus maze test, which is designed to detect anxiety-related behavior but also reflects impulsivity for novelty seeking, was comparable to Wistar rats. Hyperactivity and inattention, detected as ADHD-like behaviors in SHR/Izm, wer...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - August 20, 2014 Category: Neurology Authors: Kishikawa Y, Kawahara Y, Yamada M, Kaneko F, Kawahara H, Nishi A Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research

Fasudil or genetic depletion of ROCK1 or ROCK2 induces anxiety-like behaviors.
Abstract Twenty-nine protein kinase inhibitors have been used to treat human diseases. Out of these, two are Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) 1 and 2 inhibitors. The ROCKs heavily influence neuronal architecture and structural plasticity, and ROCKs are putative drug targets for various brain disorders. While the pan-ROCK inhibitor Fasudil has been clinically approved to treat hypertension, heart failure, glaucoma, spinal cord injury, and stroke, a barrier to progress on this therapeutic avenue is the lack of experimental comparisons between pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of ROCKs. Our study begins to a...
Source: Behavioural Brain Research - July 10, 2019 Category: Neurology Authors: Greathouse KM, Henderson BW, Gentry EG, Herskowitz JH Tags: Behav Brain Res Source Type: research