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Cancer: Neuroblastoma

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Total 288 results found since Jan 2013.

Abstract A10: Functional characterization of Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility loci
Conclusions: In synopsis, our data indicate that the previously identified ES susceptibility regions and candidate genes may play a prominent role in ES pathobiology. Citation Format: Thomas Grunewald, Marie-Ming Aynaud, Franck Tirode, Eleni Tomazou, Didier Surdez, Thomas Rio Frio, Virginie Bernard, Virginie Raynal, Carlo Lucchesi, Gaelle Pierron, Pascale Gilardi-Hebenstreit, Patrick Charnay, Heinrich Kovar, Olivier Delattre. Functional characterization of Ewing's sarcoma susceptibility loci. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pediatric Cancer at the Crossroads: Translating Discovery into Improve...
Source: Cancer Research - October 9, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Grunewald, T., Aynaud, M.-M., Tirode, F., Tomazou, E., Surdez, D., Frio, T. R., Bernard, V., Raynal, V., Lucchesi, C., Pierron, G., Gilardi-Hebenstreit, P., Charnay, P., Kovar, H., Delattre, O. Tags: Genetic Predisposition to Pediatric Cancers Source Type: research

Abstract 3105: Neuropeptide Y Y5 receptor in neuroblastoma chemoresistance
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric tumor with heterogeneous phenotypes. While low stage tumors carry favorable prognosis, over 50% of high risk NB relapses after treatment with fatal outcome. Thus, developing therapies targeting this refractory form of NB remains an unsolved clinical problem. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a sympathetic neurotransmitter released from NB cells. High systemic levels of NPY are associated with poor clinical outcome of the disease, which is in agreement with its proliferative effect in NB cells and angiogenic properties. While all of the above functions of NPY are mediated mainly by its Y2 receptor (Y...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Trinh, E., Czarnecka, M., Hong, S.-H., Lu, C., Martin, S., Galli, S., Izycka-Swieszewska, E., Kuan-Celarier, A., Christian, D., Horton, M., Tilan, J. U., Kitlinska, J. B. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2622: New therapeutic strategies in neuroblastoma: combined targeting of a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor and liposomal siRNAs against ALK
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), a tyrosine kinase receptor involved in the genesis of several human cancers, is a promising therapeutic target in Neuroblastoma (NB). Many studies on sporadic cases with advanced NB have shown ALK mutated or highly expressed independently of its genetic status (mutated, amplified, wild-type) and its pivotal role in NB growth and survival. As ALK is currently considered a master driver of NB oncogenesis, the use of therapies inhibiting ALK represents a suitable treatment option. The ALK inhibitor Crizotinib was recently approved for the treatment of advanced NSCLC patient. However, as o...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Paolo, D. D., Emionite, L., Liu, G., Cilli, M., Fiore, A. D., Brignole, C., Liang, C., Pastorino, F., Gibbons, J., Ponzoni, M., Perri, P. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract 5423: Novel targeted therapy for neuroblastoma: Silencing the MXD3 gene using siRNA
Neuroblastoma is a cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Almost half of neuroblastoma patients have a high-risk phenotype at diagnosis: metastatic disease. Prognosis of these patients is very poor with only 30% survival despite the most intensive therapies currently available. In addition, patients who respond successfully to treatment suffer from side effects from chemo and radiation therapies, leading to life-long irreversible complications. Therefore, there is a desperate need for a neuroblastoma-targeted therapy that is more effective and has fewer side effec...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Duong, C., Chen, C., Yoshida, S., Barisone, G., Nolta, J., Diaz, E., Nitin, N., Satake, N. Tags: Clinical Research (Excluding Clinical Trials) Source Type: research

Abstract 3956: Combination of SPARC and radiation suppresses HSP27 and induces p21(CIP1/WAF1) in neuroblastoma tumor cells
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the third most common malignancy in children and accounts for more than 15% of cancer-related deaths in children in the US. Approximately 50% of patients present with advanced-stage and/or high risk disease. Despite significant intensification of conventional chemotherapy regimens, the long-term survival rates for these children remain less than 40%. A somewhat improved outcome has been obtained with multimodality therapeutic approaches including chemotherapy, surgery, autologous bone marrow transplantation, radiation therapy and use of biological agents. However, long-term survival rates for childre...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gondi, C. S., Tanpure, S., Antony, R., Fernandez, K. S., Guȷrati, M., Lin, J. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 3963: MYCN-dependent expression of sulfatase2 regulates neuroblastoma cell survival
Despite the well-demonstrated role of MYCN in the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma, the mechanisms underlying its oncogenic function are not entirely understood and there is evidence that its function is in part dependent on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) play a critical role in the interaction between tumor cells and the TME in great part because of their ability to retain cytokines, chemokines and growth factors and to control their bioavailability. This function of HSPG is dependent on the sulfation pattern that itself is controlled by sulfotransferases that add sulfate groups to the...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Solari, V., Borriello, L., Fernandez, G. E., Shimada, H., Sposto, R., Asgharzadeh, S., Yates, E. A., Turnbull, J. E., Declerck, Y. A. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 5237: The long intergenic noncoding RNA LINC00340 is a neuroblastoma susceptibility gene
Background: Neuroblastoma is a clinically heterogeneous childhood tumor that presents as high-risk disease in 40% of diagnoses, and is fatal in roughly half of these patients despite aggressive multi-modal therapy. In an effort to understand the etiology of high-risk neuroblastoma, our lab previously undertook a genome-wide association study (2101 cases, 4202 controls), which identified a cluster of single-nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 6p that correlated with a significantly increased chance of developing of high-risk disease (p
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Russell, M. R., Penikis, A., Oldridge, D., Diamond, M., Diskin, S., Maris, J., Cole, K. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 2953: Rev-erb{alpha} modulates Myc-driven cancer cell growth and altered metabolism
Circadian rhythms are regulated by feedback loops comprising a network of factors that regulate Clock-associated genes. Chronotherapy seeks to take advantage of altered circadian rhythms in some cancers to better time administration of treatments to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity. While many cancers have perturbed expression of core circadian rhythm genes, the molecular basis underlying these perturbations and their functional implications in oncogenesis are still poorly understood, and so it is impossible to predict which cancers have altered circadian rhythms and would best benefit from chronotherapy. We have obse...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Altman, B. J., Hsieh, A., Gouw, A. M., Stine, Z. E., Venkataraman, A., Bellovin, D. I., Diskin, S. J., Lu, W., Zhang, S., Felsher, D. W., Maris, J. M., Lazar, M. A., Rabinowitz, J. D., Hogenesch, J. B., Dang, C. V. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 1453: MicroRNA replacement and RNAi-mediated silencing of ALK as combined targeted therapies for neuroblastoma
The effective treatment of advanced Neuroblastoma (NB) is still a challenge in pediatric oncology, because the clinical use of most therapeutics is limited by insufficient drug delivery to the tumor and high systemic toxicity. The discovery of the RNAi has great promise for anti-cancer therapeutics but, as in high-grade solid tumors a single ‘oncogene addiction’ is rare, multi-'gene' target combinations are required and a targeted delivery system is mandatory to successfully translate RNAi-based therapeutics into the clinics. It is now ascertained the master role of ALK and related genes such as PHOX2B, able to promote...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Perri, P., Paolo, D. D., Priddy, L., Fiore, A. D., Brignole, C., Pastorino, F., Brown, D., Ponzoni, M. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 4987: Stathmin regulates cell migration, invasion and transendothelial migration via RhoA activation in neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive childhood cancer with dismal 5-year survival rates, primarily due to metastatic disease. The microtubule protein stathmin is highly expressed in neuroblastoma, and silencing stathmin decreases metastatic disease in a neuroblastoma orthotopic mouse model1. However, stathmin's role in the metastatic cascade and mechanism of action in this process is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the role of stathmin in neuroblastoma metastasis. Methods: To study the role of stathmin (STMN) in neuroblastoma, siRNA gene knockdown (using two individual siRNAs STMNsiRNA1 and STMNsiRNA2) or a non-targeting con...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Fife, C. M., Byrne, F. L., Sagnella, S. M., Davis, T. P., McCarroll, J. A., Kavallaris, M. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 1774: Polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII: a new target for the treatment of metastatic tumors
Polysialic acid (polySia) is a carbohydrate polymer expressed on the surface of NCAM (neuronal cell adhesion molecule) in many cancer cells where it modulates cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion, migration, invasion and metastasis. PolySia-NCAM expression is strongly associated with poor clinical prognosis and correlates with aggressive/invasive disease in small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, neuroblastoma and many other tumors principally of neuroendocrine origin [1]. SiRNA knockdown of polysialyltransferase ST8SiaII (STX), the enzyme primarily responsible for polySia synthesis in tumors, has been shown to abolish tu...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Viprey, V., Springett, B. R., Al-Saraireh, Y., Northrop, M., Sutherland, M., Saeed, R., Loadman, P. M., Patterson, L. H., Shnyder, S. D., Falconer, R. A. Tags: Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics Source Type: research

Abstract LB-68: MYCN-induced TRPM7 expression and channel activity occurs through a mechanism that involves ornithine decarboxylase
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an extra-cranial solid cancer in children. MYCN is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes that are involved in cell proliferation, growth, cell migration, etc. MYCN gene amplification is a prognostic indicator of poor outcome in NB. Recent studies have shown that intracellular free calcium regulates multiple steps involved in cell migration. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the role of calcium during migration, little has been achieved towards understanding its impact on the malignant progression of NB. Our results showed that MYCN gene amplification...
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Koomoa, D.-L. T., Lange, I. Tags: Tumor Biology Source Type: research

Abstract 499: RUNX2 protects human neuroblastoma cells against apoptosis
In conclusion, our study suggests that hypoxia up regulates RUNX2 in NB1691 cells in a HIF2α- dependent manner and RUNX2 protects neuroblastoma cells against apoptosis. Citation Format: Manu Gnanamony, Indra Mohanam, Sanjeeva Mohanam. RUNX2 protects human neuroblastoma cells against apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 499. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-499
Source: Cancer Research - September 30, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Gnanamony, M., Mohanam, I., Mohanam, S. Tags: Molecular and Cellular Biology Source Type: research

Interferon-β counter-regulates its own pro-apoptotic action by activating p38 MAPK signalling in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Abstract Type I interferons (IFNs) induce apoptosis of neuroblastoma cells, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this event have not been completely elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity, a key regulator of apoptosis and a known modulator of IFN-induced responses in non-neuronal cells. We show that in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells IFN-β induced a delayed and sustained increase of p38 MAPK activity through a novel mechanism involving the sequential activation of Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 signalling, enhanced ...
Source: Apoptosis - September 25, 2014 Category: Molecular Biology Source Type: research

The impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cell proliferation is independent of GLI1 signaling
Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the impact of S6K1 kinase on neuroblastoma cells is not mediated through modulation of GLI1 expression/activity.
Source: BMC Cancer - August 18, 2014 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Yumei DiaoMohammed RahmanVictoria VillegasMalin WickströmJohn JohnsenPeter Zaphiropoulos Source Type: research