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Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cancer: Cancer
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Total 807 results found since Jan 2013.
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age-related macular degeneration
CONCLUSIONS: Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation (AREDS: vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc) probably slows down progression to late AMD. People with intermediate AMD have a higher chance of benefiting from antioxidant supplements because their risk of progression is higher than people with early AMD. Although low-certainty evidence suggested little effect with lutein/zeaxanthin alone compared with placebo, exploratory subgroup analyses from one large American study support the view that lutein/zeaxanthin may be a suitable replacement for the beta-carotene used in th...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 13, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Jennifer R Evans John G Lawrenson Source Type: research
Machine perfusion in liver transplantation
CONCLUSIONS: In situations where the decision has been made to transplant a liver donated after circulatory death or donated following brain death, end-ischaemic HOPE will provide superior clinically relevant outcomes compared with SCS alone. Specifically, graft survival is improved (high-certainty evidence), serious adverse events are reduced (moderate-certainty evidence), and in donors after circulatory death, clinically relevant ischaemic biliary complications are reduced (high-certainty evidence). There is no good evidence that NMP has the same benefits over SCS in terms of these clinically relevant outcomes. NMP does ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 12, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Samuel J Tingle Joseph J Dobbins Emily R Thompson Rodrigo S Figueiredo Balaji Mahendran Sanjay Pandanaboyana Colin Wilson Source Type: research
Platinum-based chemotherapy for early triple-negative breast cancer
CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based chemotherapy using carboplatin in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting improves long-term outcomes of DFS and OS in early TNBC, with no evidence of differences by subgroup. This was at the cost of more frequent chemotherapy delays and dose reductions, and greater haematological toxicity, though serious adverse events including neuropathy, febrile neutropenia or treatment-related death were not increased. These findings support the use of platinum-based chemotherapy for people with early TNBC. The optimal dose and regimen are not defined by this analysis, but there is a suggestion that similar rel...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sofia Re Mason Melina L Willson Sam J Egger Jane Beith Rachel F Dear Annabel Goodwin Source Type: research
Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery
CONCLUSIONS: In some types of elective surgery, cell salvage may reduce the need for and volume of allogeneic transfusion, alongside evidence of no difference in adverse events, when compared to no cell salvage. Further research is required to establish why other surgeries show no benefit from CS, through further analysis of the current evidence. More large RCTs in under-reported specialities are needed to expand the evidence base for exploring the impact of CS.PMID:37681564 | PMC:PMC10486190 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001888.pub5
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Thomas D Lloyd Louise J Geneen Keeley Bernhardt William McClune Scott J Fernquest Tamara Brown Carolyn Dor ée Susan J Brunskill Michael F Murphy Antony Jr Palmer Source Type: research
Platinum-based chemotherapy for early triple-negative breast cancer
CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based chemotherapy using carboplatin in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting improves long-term outcomes of DFS and OS in early TNBC, with no evidence of differences by subgroup. This was at the cost of more frequent chemotherapy delays and dose reductions, and greater haematological toxicity, though serious adverse events including neuropathy, febrile neutropenia or treatment-related death were not increased. These findings support the use of platinum-based chemotherapy for people with early TNBC. The optimal dose and regimen are not defined by this analysis, but there is a suggestion that similar rel...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sofia Re Mason Melina L Willson Sam J Egger Jane Beith Rachel F Dear Annabel Goodwin Source Type: research
Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery
CONCLUSIONS: In some types of elective surgery, cell salvage may reduce the need for and volume of allogeneic transfusion, alongside evidence of no difference in adverse events, when compared to no cell salvage. Further research is required to establish why other surgeries show no benefit from CS, through further analysis of the current evidence. More large RCTs in under-reported specialities are needed to expand the evidence base for exploring the impact of CS.PMID:37681564 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001888.pub5
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Thomas D Lloyd Louise J Geneen Keeley Bernhardt William McClune Scott J Fernquest Tamara Brown Carolyn Dor ée Susan J Brunskill Michael F Murphy Antony Jr Palmer Source Type: research
Platinum-based chemotherapy for early triple-negative breast cancer
CONCLUSIONS: Platinum-based chemotherapy using carboplatin in the adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting improves long-term outcomes of DFS and OS in early TNBC, with no evidence of differences by subgroup. This was at the cost of more frequent chemotherapy delays and dose reductions, and greater haematological toxicity, though serious adverse events including neuropathy, febrile neutropenia or treatment-related death were not increased. These findings support the use of platinum-based chemotherapy for people with early TNBC. The optimal dose and regimen are not defined by this analysis, but there is a suggestion that similar rel...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Sofia Re Mason Melina L Willson Sam J Egger Jane Beith Rachel F Dear Annabel Goodwin Source Type: research
Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in adults undergoing elective surgery
CONCLUSIONS: In some types of elective surgery, cell salvage may reduce the need for and volume of allogeneic transfusion, alongside evidence of no difference in adverse events, when compared to no cell salvage. Further research is required to establish why other surgeries show no benefit from CS, through further analysis of the current evidence. More large RCTs in under-reported specialities are needed to expand the evidence base for exploring the impact of CS.PMID:37681564 | PMC:PMC10486190 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD001888.pub5
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - September 8, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Thomas D Lloyd Louise J Geneen Keeley Bernhardt William McClune Scott J Fernquest Tamara Brown Carolyn Dor ée Susan J Brunskill Michael F Murphy Antony Jr Palmer Source Type: research
Evaluation of follow-up strategies for women with epithelial ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment
CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence from one trial suggests that routine surveillance with CA125 in asymptomatic women and treatment at CA125-defined relapse does not seem to offer survival advantage when compared to treatment at symptomatic relapse. However, this study pre-dates the use of PARPi maintenance treatment and the increased use of secondary cytoreductive surgery, so the results may be limited in their applicability to current practice. Limited evidence from one trial suggests that individualised nurse-led follow-up may improve HRQOL in women with ovarian cancer following completion of primary treatment. Large RCTs ar...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 31, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Georgia Zachou Fatima El-Khouly James Dilley Source Type: research
Interventions for the treatment of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers: surgical treatment
CONCLUSIONS: We found moderate-certainty evidence based on five trials that elective neck dissection of clinically negative neck nodes at the time of removal of the primary oral cavity tumour is superior to therapeutic neck dissection, with increased survival and disease-free survival, and reduced locoregional recurrence. There was moderate-certainty evidence from one trial of no difference between positron emission tomography (PET-CT) following chemoradiotherapy versus planned neck dissection in terms of overall survival or locoregional recurrence. The evidence for each of the other seven comparisons came from only one or...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 31, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Helen V Worthington Vishal M Bulsara Anne-Marie Glenny Janet E Clarkson David I Conway Michaelina Macluskey Source Type: research
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury
CONCLUSIONS: These small studies suggest that for people with LRTI affecting tissues of the head, neck, bladder and rectum, HBOT may be associated with improved outcomes (low- to moderate-certainty evidence). HBOT may also result in a reduced risk of wound dehiscence and a modest reduction in pain following head and neck irradiation. However, HBOT is unlikely to influence the risk of death in the short term. HBOT also carries a risk of adverse events, including an increased risk of a reduction in visual acuity (usually temporary) and of ear barotrauma on compression. Hence, the application of HBOT to selected participants ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - August 16, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Zhiliang Caleb Lin Michael H Bennett Glen C Hawkins Charles Paul Azzopardi John Feldmeier Robert Smee Christopher Milross Source Type: research
Best first-line therapy for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable mutation or with an unknown mutation status
CONCLUSIONS: This review showed that as a first-line treatment for people with PS 2 with advanced NSCLC, platinum doublet therapy seems to be preferred over non-platinum therapy, with a higher response rate, PFS, and OS. Although the risk for grade 3 to 5 hematologic toxicity is higher, these events are often relatively mild and easy to treat. Since trials using checkpoint inhibitors in people with PS 2 are scarce, we identified an important knowledge gap regarding their role in people with advanced NSCLC and PS 2.PMID:37419867 | DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013382.pub2
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 7, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rolof Gp Gijtenbeek Kim de Jong Ben Jw Venmans Femke Hm van Vollenhoven Anneke Ten Brinke Anthonie J Van der Wekken Wouter H van Geffen Source Type: research
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin for relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer
CONCLUSIONS: In platinum-sensitive relapsed EOC, including PLD in a combination chemotherapy regimen probably makes little to no difference in OS compared to other combinations, but likely improves PFS. Choice of chemotherapy will therefore be guided by symptoms from previous chemotherapy and other patient considerations. Single-agent PLD remains a useful agent for platinum-resistant relapsed EOC and choice of agent at relapse will depend on patient factors, e.g. degree of bone marrow suppression or neurotoxicity from previous treatments. Adding another agent to PLD likely increases overall grade ≥ 3 adverse events with ...
Source: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews - July 5, 2023 Category: General Medicine Authors: Rebecca Newhouse Ellen Nelissen Karim Hussien El-Shakankery Ewelina Rogozi ńska Esme Bain Susana Veiga Jo Morrison Source Type: research
