BCL-2 Inhibitors, Present and Future
The members of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of proteins are key regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway; dysregulation of this pathway leads to pathologic survival of cancer cells. B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 had long been viewed as a promising target for the treatment of several hematologic malignancies, specifically chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), yet for many years the development of a drug to successfully target this protein remained elusive. The approval of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax for relapsed/refractory del(17p) CLL in 2016 represented the culmination of decades of molecular and clini...
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase δ Inhibitors: Present and Future
This article reviews the clinical data on efficacy and toxicity across the class and discusses ongoing efforts to understand and mitigate the likely on-target autoimmune toxicity. (Source: The Cancer Journal)
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Present and Future
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that plays a central role in the signal transduction of the B-cell antigen receptor and other cell surface receptors, both in normal and malignant B lymphocytes. B-cell antigen receptor signaling is activated in secondary lymphatic organs and drives the proliferation of malignant B cells, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. During the last 10 years, BTK inhibitors (BTKis) are increasingly replacing chemotherapy-based regimen, especially in patients with CLL and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors are particularly active ...
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Targeted Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Despite a prevailing view that advances in cancer therapy will come through selective targeting of enzymes encoded by mutated oncogenes responsible for the neoplastic phenotype, recent advances in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have instead exploited knowledge of its biology. Indeed, CLL cells depend on interactions with cells and soluble factors present in the tumor microenvironment for proliferation and survival. B-cell receptor signaling and chemokine-receptor signaling play prominent roles. Elucidation of these signaling pathways has defined physiologic targets for drugs, such as ibru...
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
The Shifting Paradigm in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Is Chemotherapy Still Relevant?
Chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) was the standard treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia for the last 2 decades. Recently, with the introduction of targeted therapies, the role of CIT has declined significantly. In the first-line setting, the role of CIT is limited to young fit patients with mutated immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and without del(17p)/TP53 mutation. There is a limited role for CIT in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (Source: The Cancer Journal)
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Introduction by the Guest Editor: Staying Ahead of the Rapidly Evolving World of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
No abstract available (Source: The Cancer Journal)
Source: The Cancer Journal - November 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbs in Oncology Clinical Trials
Despite wide empirical use and demand for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs worldwide, high-quality clinical trials of TCM herbs in oncology are limited. We developed recommendations for rigorous clinical trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy for oncology patients. To accomplish this goal, the TCM & Cancer Research Committee of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association convened a working group of oncologists, TCM experts, clinical researchers, biostatisticians, and industry/government representatives to develop principles and approaches for TCM cancer drug clinical trials. They identified 2 categories of herbal ...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Practical Application of “About Herbs” Website: Herbs and Dietary Supplement Use in Oncology Settings
The Integrative Medicine Service at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center developed and maintains About Herbs (www.aboutherbs.com), which provides summaries of research data including purported uses, adverse effects, and herb-drug interactions for about 284 dietary supplements. Using Google Analytics, we found the website registered more than 26,317,000 hits since November 2002. The 10 most searched-for herbs/supplements of 2018 are chaga mushroom, turmeric, ashwagandha, reishi mushroom, graviola, Active Hexose-Correlated Compound, boswellia, dandelion, green tea, and Coriolus versicolor. Here we discuss their safety, her...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Integrative Therapies for Cancer-Related Fatigue
Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom for which cancer patients often use integrative and integrative therapies; however, evidence supporting these therapies is limited. The aim of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations for integrative interventions during and after cancer treatment for CRF. These recommendations are based on a systematic literature review from 1990 through 2019. Cognitive behavior therapy plus hypnosis and American ginseng can be considered during active treatment, and acupressure, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and qigong/tai chi easy can be considered during posttreatm...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Integrative Medicine Therapies for Pain Management in Cancer Patients
Pain management for cancer patients should include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions. Integrative medicine therapies, such as mind-body practice, acupuncture, massage therapy, and music therapy, have been studied for their roles in pain management. Data from randomized controlled trials support the effect of hypnosis, acupuncture, and music therapy in reduction of pain. Mindfulness meditation, yoga, qigong, and massage therapy, although may not reduce pain per se, can relieve anxiety and mood changes, which are commonly associated with pain. In clinical practice, one should also consider burdens and risks to...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Integrative Approaches for Sleep Health in Cancer Survivors
Sleep disturbance and insomnia are prevalent problems for the more than 15 million cancer survivors in the United States. If not addressed, poor-quality sleep can negatively impact physical and psychological recovery from cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer survivors are increasingly turning to integrative therapies to improve sleep and optimize their health. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence for the use of nonpharmacological integrative therapies to improve sleep health in cancer patients. Therapies are grouped into the following categories: cognitive-behavioral, meditative (e.g., mindfulness-based ...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Integrative Approaches to Stress Management
This narrative review provides an overview of the scope of psychosocial distress and stress in cancer patients and survivors and the potential negative consequences of untreated symptoms. Evidence-based interventions to treat these symptoms are reviewed, beginning with a summary of published clinical practice guidelines, followed by more detailed reviews of the specific integrative interventions with the largest empirical support: cognitive-behavioral stress management, yoga, mindfulness-based interventions, and massage. We also comment on use of natural health products because of their popularity. Finally, we conclude wit...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Helping Patients Eat Better During and Beyond Cancer Treatment: Continued Nutrition Management Throughout Care to Address Diet, Malnutrition, and Obesity in Cancer
This article presents an overview of recommendations and guidelines for nutrition and weight management and provides recent examples of behavioral theory-based targeted lifestyle interventions designed to increase adherence to recommendation by cancer patients and survivors. (Source: The Cancer Journal)
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Putting Exercise Into Oncology Practice: State-of-the-Science, Innovation, and Future Directions
Physical activity provides numerous health benefits for cancer survivors. This review provides a summary of the evidence supporting the efficacy of physical activity to improve patient-reported and physiological outcomes during and after cancer therapy, discusses observational studies that have reported associations of physical activity with cancer outcomes and prognosis, summarizes ongoing phase III randomized trials of physical activity with clinical disease endpoints in cancer survivors, describes randomized trials of physical activity that have examined biomarkers hypothesized to relate to cancer outcomes and prognosis...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
Patient-Reported Outcomes in Integrative Oncology: Bridging Clinical Care With Research
There is growing interest in the value of routine collection and monitoring of patient-reported outcomes as part of high-quality, patient-centered, oncology care. Integrative oncology, with its focus on providing symptom and lifestyle support for patients throughout the cancer care continuum, serves a diverse patient population with a complex, changing symptom burden. Monitoring of patient-reported outcomes can contribute significantly to the successful comprehensive evaluation and management of patients receiving integrative oncology care. Data collected as part of an integrative oncology evaluation can also support real-...
Source: The Cancer Journal - September 1, 2019 Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research
