Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
Differences of Sucker Formation Processes Depending on Benthic or Pelagic Posthatching Lifestyles in Two Octopus Species
In this study, therefore, detailed developmental processes of arms and suckers were observed during embryogenesis in two different octopus species, Octopus parvus and Amphioctopus fangsiao, showing pelagic and benthic posthatching lifestyles, respectively. In O. parvus, sucker formation stopped at a relatively early stage in which three suckers on an arm were produced. In addition, at late embryonic stages, cell proliferation was hardly detected in whole arms, while in A. fangsiao, sucker production continued throughout embryogenesis and cell proliferation also remained active in whole arms even in the late stages. Therefo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ryosuke Kimbara Hisanori Kohtsuka Toru Miura Source Type: research
Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):94-102. doi: 10.1086/725418. Epub 2023 Jun 16.ABSTRACTAbstractEastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are sessile, relying on a larval phase to disperse in estuaries. Oyster larval swimming behavior can alter dispersal trajectories and patterns of population connectivity. Experiments were conducted to test how both (1) acclimation time to new environmental conditions and (2) larval swimming behavior change with salinity and larval age. Acclimation time to changes in salinity was longest in lower salinity (6 ppt) and decreased with age. To test changes in behavior with salinity, larvae were placed...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Emily C Manuel Joseph Caracappa Daphne Munroe Source Type: research
A Novel Behavioral Display in < em > Lymnaea < /em > Induced by Quercetin and Hypoxia
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):115-127. doi: 10.1086/725689. Epub 2023 Aug 4.ABSTRACTAbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis employs aerial respiration under hypoxia and can be operantly conditioned to reduce this behavior. When applied individually, a heat shock (30 °C for 1 h) and the flavonoid quercetin enhance long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. However, when snails are exposed to quercetin before the heat shock, long-term memory is no longer enhanced. This is because quercetin prevents the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins 70 and 40. When we tested the memory out...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Veronica Rivi Anuradha Batabyal Cristina Benatti Fabio Tascedda Joan M C Blom Ken Lukowiak Source Type: research
Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
Differences of Sucker Formation Processes Depending on Benthic or Pelagic Posthatching Lifestyles in Two Octopus Species
In this study, therefore, detailed developmental processes of arms and suckers were observed during embryogenesis in two different octopus species, Octopus parvus and Amphioctopus fangsiao, showing pelagic and benthic posthatching lifestyles, respectively. In O. parvus, sucker formation stopped at a relatively early stage in which three suckers on an arm were produced. In addition, at late embryonic stages, cell proliferation was hardly detected in whole arms, while in A. fangsiao, sucker production continued throughout embryogenesis and cell proliferation also remained active in whole arms even in the late stages. Therefo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ryosuke Kimbara Hisanori Kohtsuka Toru Miura Source Type: research
Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):94-102. doi: 10.1086/725418. Epub 2023 Jun 16.ABSTRACTAbstractEastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are sessile, relying on a larval phase to disperse in estuaries. Oyster larval swimming behavior can alter dispersal trajectories and patterns of population connectivity. Experiments were conducted to test how both (1) acclimation time to new environmental conditions and (2) larval swimming behavior change with salinity and larval age. Acclimation time to changes in salinity was longest in lower salinity (6 ppt) and decreased with age. To test changes in behavior with salinity, larvae were placed...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Emily C Manuel Joseph Caracappa Daphne Munroe Source Type: research
A Novel Behavioral Display in < em > Lymnaea < /em > Induced by Quercetin and Hypoxia
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):115-127. doi: 10.1086/725689. Epub 2023 Aug 4.ABSTRACTAbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis employs aerial respiration under hypoxia and can be operantly conditioned to reduce this behavior. When applied individually, a heat shock (30 °C for 1 h) and the flavonoid quercetin enhance long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. However, when snails are exposed to quercetin before the heat shock, long-term memory is no longer enhanced. This is because quercetin prevents the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins 70 and 40. When we tested the memory out...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Veronica Rivi Anuradha Batabyal Cristina Benatti Fabio Tascedda Joan M C Blom Ken Lukowiak Source Type: research
Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
