Evo-Devo in Ophiuroids: The Switch from Planktotrophy to Lecithotrophy in < em > Ophionereis < /em >
Biol Bull. 2023 Jun;244(3):164-176. doi: 10.1086/727755. Epub 2023 Oct 30.ABSTRACTAbstractUnderstanding the evolution of development (evo-devo) in the Ophiuroidea and the pathways in the switch from a feeding to a nonfeeding larva is complicated by the variability in the phenotype of the metamorphic larva, being a reduced yolky ophiopluteus in some species (type I development) and a vitellaria larva in others (type II development). We investigated evo-devo in the family Ophionereididae, a group dominated by lecithotrophic development through a vitellaria larva. We reared the planktotrophic larvae of Ophionereis fasciata to...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Paulina Selvakumaraswamy Maria Byrne Source Type: research
Nothing Goes to Waste: Perspectives from Sea Star Wasting Synthesis
Biol Bull. 2023 Jun;244(3):139-142. doi: 10.1086/729512. Epub 2024 Feb 21.NO ABSTRACTPMID:38457675 | DOI:10.1086/729512 (Source: The Biological Bulletin)
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: J P Wares L M Schiebelhut M N Dawson Source Type: research
The Effects of Social Experience on Host Gut Microbiome in Male Zebrafish ( < em > Danio rerio < /em > )
Biol Bull. 2023 Jun;244(3):177-189. doi: 10.1086/729377. Epub 2024 Feb 20.ABSTRACTAbstractAlthough the gut and the brain vastly differ in physiological function, they have been interlinked in a variety of different neurological and behavioral disorders. The bacteria that comprise the gut microbiome communicate and influence the function of various physiological processes within the body, including nervous system function. However, the effects of social experience in the context of dominance and social stress on gut microbiome remain poorly understood. Here, we examined whether social experience impacts the host zebrafish (...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Emily Scott Michael S Brewer Ariane L Peralta Fadi A Issa Source Type: research
Gonadal Degeneration Is Mediated by Apoptotic Processes in the Semelparous Gray Side-Gilled Sea Slug < em > Pleurobranchaea maculata < /em >
Biol Bull. 2023 Jun;244(3):190-200. doi: 10.1086/727971. Epub 2023 Nov 9.ABSTRACTAbstractSpecies undergoing postreproductive death experience great changes in their reproductive organs, which are driven by numerous physiological processes. To assess whether apoptotic processes are involved in the dynamics of the reproductive organs of Pleurobranchaea maculata, the gonadal structure of this semelparous side-gilled sea slug was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. Apoptotic cells at different gonadal developmental stages were detected by in situ TUNEL assay. Apoptosis was primarily focused on spermatogonia d...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Verena B ökenhans Mar ía Florencia Abascal Sebasti án Giulianelli Andr és Averbuj Source Type: research
A Rhizocephalan Parasite Induces Pervasive Effects on Its Shrimp Host
This study lays the groundwork for expanding rhizocephalan-shrimp research and encourages recognition of oft-ignored roles of parasitism in ecological communities.PMID:38457679 | DOI:10.1086/729497 (Source: The Biological Bulletin)
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Reyn M Yoshioka Suhn Brown Nancy C Treneman Julie B Schram Aaron W E Galloway Source Type: research
A Decade of Death and Other Dynamics: Deepening Perspectives on the Diversity and Distribution of Sea Stars and Wasting
Biol Bull. 2023 Jun;244(3):143-163. doi: 10.1086/727969. Epub 2023 Dec 22.ABSTRACTAbstractMass mortality events provide valuable insight into biological extremes and also ecological interactions more generally. The sea star wasting epidemic that began in 2013 catalyzed study of the microbiome, genetics, population dynamics, and community ecology of several high-profile species inhabiting the northeastern Pacific but exposed a dearth of information on the diversity, distributions, and impacts of sea star wasting for many lesser-known sea stars and a need for integration across scales. Here, we combine datasets from single-s...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - March 8, 2024 Category: Biology Authors: Michael N Dawson Paige J Duffin Melina Giakoumis Lauren M Schiebelhut Rodrigo Beas-Luna Keith L Bosley Rita Castilho Christine Ewers-Saucedo Katie A Gavenus Aimee Keller Brenda Konar John L Largier Julio Lorda C Melissa Miner Monica M Moritsch Sergio A Na Source Type: research
Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
Differences of Sucker Formation Processes Depending on Benthic or Pelagic Posthatching Lifestyles in Two Octopus Species
In this study, therefore, detailed developmental processes of arms and suckers were observed during embryogenesis in two different octopus species, Octopus parvus and Amphioctopus fangsiao, showing pelagic and benthic posthatching lifestyles, respectively. In O. parvus, sucker formation stopped at a relatively early stage in which three suckers on an arm were produced. In addition, at late embryonic stages, cell proliferation was hardly detected in whole arms, while in A. fangsiao, sucker production continued throughout embryogenesis and cell proliferation also remained active in whole arms even in the late stages. Therefo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Ryosuke Kimbara Hisanori Kohtsuka Toru Miura Source Type: research
Changes in Larval Oyster Swimming Behavior with Salinity and Larval Age
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):94-102. doi: 10.1086/725418. Epub 2023 Jun 16.ABSTRACTAbstractEastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) are sessile, relying on a larval phase to disperse in estuaries. Oyster larval swimming behavior can alter dispersal trajectories and patterns of population connectivity. Experiments were conducted to test how both (1) acclimation time to new environmental conditions and (2) larval swimming behavior change with salinity and larval age. Acclimation time to changes in salinity was longest in lower salinity (6 ppt) and decreased with age. To test changes in behavior with salinity, larvae were placed...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Emily C Manuel Joseph Caracappa Daphne Munroe Source Type: research
A Novel Behavioral Display in < em > Lymnaea < /em > Induced by Quercetin and Hypoxia
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):115-127. doi: 10.1086/725689. Epub 2023 Aug 4.ABSTRACTAbstractThe pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis employs aerial respiration under hypoxia and can be operantly conditioned to reduce this behavior. When applied individually, a heat shock (30 °C for 1 h) and the flavonoid quercetin enhance long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. However, when snails are exposed to quercetin before the heat shock, long-term memory is no longer enhanced. This is because quercetin prevents the heat-induced upregulation of heat-shock proteins 70 and 40. When we tested the memory out...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Veronica Rivi Anuradha Batabyal Cristina Benatti Fabio Tascedda Joan M C Blom Ken Lukowiak Source Type: research
Cephalochordate Hemocytes: First Demonstration for < em > Asymmetron lucayanum < /em > (Bahamas Lancelet) Plus Augmented Description for < em > Branchiostoma floridae < /em > (Florida Amphioxus)
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):71-81. doi: 10.1086/726774. Epub 2023 Aug 16.ABSTRACTAbstractWithin phylum Chordata, the subphylum Cephalochordata (amphioxus and lancelets) has figured large in considerations of the evolutionary origin of the vertebrates. To date, these discussions have been predominantly based on knowledge of a single cephalochordate genus (Branchiostoma), almost to the exclusion of the other two genera (Asymmetron and Epigonichthys). This uneven pattern is illustrated by cephalochordate hematology, until now known entirely from work done on Branchiostoma. The main part of the present study is to describe hemo...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Nicholas D Holland Linda Z Holland Source Type: research
Predators Induce Phenotypic Plasticity in Echinoderms across Life History Stages
In this study, we tested whether planktonic echinoderm larvae exposed to cues from benthic predators modified their juvenile phenotypes at settlement. Green urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and Pacific sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) larvae were exposed to predatory green crab (Carcinus maenus) or red rock crab (Cancer productus) cues, respectively, from their early-stage juvenile rudiment formation through settlement. Green urchin larvae exposed to predator cues settled with significantly more juvenile spines compared to unexposed controls. Sand dollars exhibited earlier settlement, larger disk area, fewer ...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Danielle K Barnes Jonathan D Allen Source Type: research
A Feeding-Related Mechanoreceptor Identified in the Crab < em > Cancer borealis < /em > Shares Similarities and Differences with Homologs in Other Crustaceans
Biol Bull. 2023 Apr;244(2):128-137. doi: 10.1086/726773. Epub 2023 Aug 31.ABSTRACTAbstractSensory feedback plays an essential role in shaping rhythmic animal movements. In the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system, which is responsible for grinding and filtering food particles in the animal's foregut, a number of mechanoreceptors whose activity affects motor output have been characterized. The hepatopancreas duct receptor neurons, which are located in the pyloric region of the foregut that is responsible for filtering, are among the less well understood groups of stomatogastric mechanoreceptors. Although they were first...
Source: The Biological Bulletin - September 19, 2023 Category: Biology Authors: Peter K D Hovland Jose A Tochihuitl John T Birmingham Source Type: research
