Cross-Validation of Multiple Embedded Performance Validity Indices in the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised in an Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Clinical Sample
This study cross-validated the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) Effort Score (ES), RAVLT Forced Choice (FC), and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) Recognition Discrimination (RD) among a large, consecutive case series of 317 adults referred for outpatient neuropsychological evaluation of known or suspected Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Six independent criterion performance validity tests (PVTs) were used to establish valid (n = 280) and invalid (n = 37) performance groups. Among the valid group, 229 metDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition crit...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - January 18, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Assessing Negative Response Bias with the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29): a Quantitative Literature Review
This article reviews published, journal articles informing on the conditions of use, strengths, weaknesses, and optimal cut scores of the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29; Viglione& Giromini,2020). To provide more accurate information on the convergent and incremental validity, hit rates, and optimal cut scores of the IOP-29, in addition to reviewing all published IOP-29 studies, we also retrieved the datasets associated with each of those studies and performed some additional analyses. Taken together, the findings presented in this quantitative literature review indicate that (a) the IOP-29 correlates more strongly wi...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - January 8, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Comparison of Motor Vehicle Accident (MVA) Survivors and Non-MVA Pain Patients Attending an Interdisciplinary Pain Management Program
This study compares demographics and outcomes of MVA and non-MVA patients attending a community-based interdisciplinary pain management program funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health. This descriptive, cross-sectional practice-based retrospective study was conducted on 121 consecutive patients, screened for motivation and commitment, and admitted to an intense 3-month pain management program during 2016–2018 (MVA n = 31 and non-MVA n = 90). Data collected included: (a ) demographics; (b) pain characteristics; (c) physical and emotional health status obtained by validated instruments, and (d) social outcomes r...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - January 8, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Examining Base Rates of Symptom Endorsement and the Roles of Sex and Depressive Symptoms on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomology (SIMS) in a Non-clinical Population
AbstractSymptom validity tests (SVTs) assist in ensuring that our diagnostic conclusions are grounded in credible psychometric results. The Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomology (SIMS) is often employed to identify overreporting among respondents. The present study examined base rate scores on the SIMS in an undergraduate sample and the role of biological sex and the presence of depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 93) completed the SIMS, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Of the participants, 50.00% were characterized as overreporting based on the cutoff...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - January 5, 2022 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
The Memory-Undermining Effect of Simulated Crime-Related Amnesia and Its Legal Implications: a Review
AbstractPretending to suffer from amnesia for a mock crime has been shown to lead to memory impairments. Specifically, when people are asked to give up their role of simulators, they typically recall fewer crime-relevant details than those who initially confess to a crime. In the current review, we amassed all experimental work on this subject and assessed the characteristics of the memory-undermining effect of simulated amnesia for a crime procedure (i.e., crime stimuli, simulating amnesia instructions, memory tests, and memory outcomes). We specifically focused on the effect that crime-related amnesia claims may have on ...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - December 21, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
A Comparative Analysis of the Base Rate of Malingering Using Slick et al. (1999) and Sherman et al. (2020) Multidimensional Criteria for Malingering in a UK Litigant Population
This study determined the base rate of malingering using psychometric aspects of the Slick et al. (The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545 –561. 1999) and Sherman et al. (Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,35(6), 735 –764. 2020) criteria in a UK claimant population and examined neuropsychological performance based on malingering and validity status. Significantly (p < .01) more claimants met the Sherman et al. (Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology,35(6), 735 –764. 2020) psychometric criteria for malingering (55%) in comparison to the Slick et al. (The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 13(4), 545 –561. 19...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - December 16, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology: a Psychometric Review
AbstractThe Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS) is a stand-alone symptom validity test. The 75-item, true/false measure samples feigned symptoms across five subscales: Psychosis, Neurologic Impairment, Amnestic Disorders, Low Intelligence, and Affective Disorders. Initial psychometrics reported in the manual were adequate, and since publication, dozens of studies have been published on the SIMS, with practice surveys indicating the measure as one of the most commonly used SVTs. Several SIMS short forms, alternate scales, and translations have been published. The SIMS purports to measure feigned self-re...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 25, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Symptom and Performance Validity Assessment in European Countries: an Update
AbstractIn 2013, a special issue of the Spanish journalCl ínica y Salud published a review on symptom and performance validity assessment in European countries (Merten et al. in Cl ínica y Salud, 24(3), 129 –138, 2013). At that time, developments were judged to be in their infancy in many countries, with major publication activities stemming from only four countries: Spain, The Netherlands, Great Britain, and Germany. As an introduction to a special issue ofPsychological Injury and Law, this is an updated report of developments during the last 10 years. In that period of time, research activities have reached a le...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 24, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Assessing Negative Response Bias: a Review of the Noncredible Overreporting Scales of the MMPI-2-RF and MMPI-3
AbstractThe Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) instruments have a rich history of the inclusion of embedded strategies to identify invalidating response styles —such as non-responding, inconsistent responding, and noncredible underreporting or overreporting of symptoms—and to identify the impact of such response styles on substantive test score conclusions and extra-test considerations. This paper briefly reviews that history before focusing on the sca les that detect overreported psychopathology, somatic complaints, and cognitive complaints on the most recent adult instruments, the Minnesota Multiphasi...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 20, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
The Self-Report Symptom Inventory
AbstractThe Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI) was developed to expand the toolbox of self-report instruments available to detect symptom overreporting. Such instruments, today known as symptom validity tests, play a crucial role in both forensic evaluations and in a range of clinical referral questions. The SRSI was originally designed in the German language; items were selected from a larger pool on the basis of empirical results. Scores on the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology served as external criterion for the item selection procedure and empirical cut-score determination (gold standard). The SRSI i...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 12, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Exaggeration or Fabrication? Assessment of Negative Response Distortion and Malingering with the Personality Assessment Inventory
AbstractThe Personality Assessment Inventory (Morey,1991,2007a) features several procedures for the assessment of negative response distortion and malingering. The construction and subsequent validation studies are reviewed for three standard indicators: Negative Impression Management (NIM), Malingering Index (MAL), and Rogers Discriminant Function (RDF). Three new supplemental indicators have been introduced with the PAI-plus interpretive report (Morey,2020), the Negative Distortion Scale (NDS), Hong Malingering Index (HMI), and Multiscale Feigning Index (MFI). The derivation and available validation evidence for these su...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 12, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Memory Complaints Inventory: Review of Psychometric Properties
AbstractThe Memory Complaints Inventory (Green inUsers' manual for the Memory Complaints Inventory (MCI).2019) is a 58-item, stand-alone symptom validity test that measures exaggerated memory complaints. Psychometric properties of the MCI are adequate, and the test manual provides foundational validation data in large samples, which have been replicated in several independent studies. Scoring software and the optional AI program offer an array of score reporting options. MCI scores tend to be moderately relate to performance validity scores on memory-based measures, with stronger relationships to other cognitive symptom va...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 11, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Motor Reaction Times as an Embedded Measure of Performance Validity: a Study with a Sample of Austrian Early Retirement Claimants
AbstractAmong embedded measures of performance validity, reaction time parameters appear to be less common. However, their potential may be underestimated. In the German-speaking countries, reaction time is often examined using theAlertness subtest of the Test of Attention Performance (TAP). Several previous studies have examined its suitability for validity assessment. The current study was conceived to examine a variety of reaction time parameters of the TAPAlertness subtest with a sample of 266 Austrian civil forensic patients. Classification results from the Word Memory Test (WMT) were used as an external indicator to ...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 6, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
College Students ’ Access to Academic Accommodations Over Time: Evidence of a Matthew Effect in Higher Education
We examined college students ’ access to accommodations as a function of institutional type, selectivity, and cost over time. Although access to accommodations increased from 2.8 to 5.2% over the past 12 years, this change was largely driven by students attending America’s most selective and expensive private institutions. Access to accommodations was significantly lower and remained relatively stable among students attending 2-year public colleges. These findings suggest a Matthew effect in higher education in which students most in need of academic support are increasingly least likely to receive it. We suggest fou ...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - November 5, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
Relative Rates of Invalidity for the Test of Memory Malingering and the Dot Counting Test Among Spanish-Speaking Patients Residing in the USA
This study examined relative rates of invalid performance on three common performance validity tests (i.e., the Dot Counting Test [DCT] and Test of Memory Malingering [TOMM] Trials 1 and 2) in a cross-sectional sample of 112 clinically referred Spanish-speaking patients. Additionally, exploratory analysis of classific ation accuracy was also conducted for subtests of the Batería Neuropsicológica en Español (BNE) using each PVT as a reference standard. Rates of invalid performance ranged from 23.3 to 31.1% across the three independent PVTs. Exploratory analysis of BNE subtests indicated that Reliable Digit Span Total and...
Source: Psychological Injury and Law - October 30, 2021 Category: Medical Law Source Type: research
