Mortality and life expectancy in Kiribati based on analysis of reported deaths
Kiribati is an atoll country of 103,058 (2010 Census) situated in the central Pacific. Previous mortality estimates have been derived from demographic analyses of census data. This is the first mortality analy... (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - February 29, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Karen L. Carter, Tibwataake Baiteke, Tiensi Teea, Teanibuaka Tabunga, Mantarae Itienang, Chalapati Rao, Alan D. Lopez and Richard Taylor Source Type: research
Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999–2012: a statistical adjustment analysis
Drug poisoning mortality in the US has risen rapidly but the drugs involved are frequently unspecified on death certificates. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - January 15, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Christopher J. Ruhm Source Type: research
Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression
High sodium intake increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. For this reason the World Health Organization recommends a maximum intake of 2 g per day and a 30 % reduction in population so... (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - January 11, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Oyinlola Oyebode, Samuel Oti, Yen-Fu Chen and Richard J. Lilford Source Type: research
Salt intakes in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-regression
Conclusions:
Sodium intake in much of sub-Saharan Africa is above the World Health Organization’s recommended maximum intake and may be set to increase as the continent undergoes considerable urbanization. Few identified studies used stringent measurement criteria or representative population samples. High quality studies will be required to identify where and with whom to intervene, in order to meet the World Health Organization’s target of a 30 % reduction in population sodium intake and to demonstrate progress towards this target. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - January 11, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Oyinlola OyebodeSamuel OtiYen-Fu ChenRichard Lilford Source Type: research
Application of space-time disease clustering by administrative databases in Italy: Adverse Reproductive Outcomes (AROs) and residential exposure
The aims of this study were to estimate the existence of clusters of AROs in the municipalities of the Marches Region (Central Italy) after complaints from residents living near an abandoned landfill site. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 24, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pamela Barbadoro, Massimo Agostini, Marcello M. D’Errico, Francesco Di Stanislao, Fabio Filippetti, Sara Giuliani and Emilia Prospero Source Type: research
Application of space-time disease clustering by administrative databases in Italy: Adverse Reproductive Outcomes (AROs) and residential exposure
Conclusions:
Residency in proximity to the abandoned landfill was not a risk factor for the occurrence of AROs. The results show that basic information, such as the price of accommodations in different neighborhoods, could be of interest in order to target training programs for women living in difficult conditions and highlights the potential role of the building environment in perinatal health. However, we note that aside from the data provided by Geographic Information Systems in public health, collection of the patient’s residential address was unreliable for selected conditions. Future efforts should emphasize the pa...
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 24, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Pamela BarbadoroMassimo AgostiniMarcello D¿ErricoFrancesco Di StanislaoFabio FilippettiSara GiulianiEmilia Prospero Source Type: research
Validity of silhouette showcards as a measure of body size and obesity in a population in the African region: A practical research tool for general-purpose surveys
The purpose of this study is to validate the Pulvers silhouette showcard as a measure of weight status in a population in the African region. This tool is particularly beneficial when scarce resources do not a... (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 17, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Maryam Yepes, Barathi Viswanathan, Pascal Bovet and Jürgen Maurer Source Type: research
Validity of silhouette showcards as a measure of body size and obesity in a population in the African region: A practical research tool for general-purpose surveys
Background:
The purpose of this study is to validate the Pulvers silhouette showcard as a measure of weight status in a population in the African region. This tool is particularly beneficial when scarce resources do not allow for direct anthropometric measurements due to limited survey time or lack of measurement technology in face-to-face general-purpose surveys or in mailed, online, or mobile device-based surveys.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Republic of Seychelles with a sample of 1240 adults. We compared self-reported body sizes measured by Pulvers’ silhouette showcards to four measurements o...
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 17, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Maryam YepesBarathi ViswanathanPascal BovetJürgen Maurer Source Type: research
Small area synthetic estimates of smoking prevalence during pregnancy in England
Complete and accurate data on maternal smoking prevalence during pregnancy are not available at a local geographical scale in England. We employ a synthetic estimation approach to predict the expected prevalen... (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 9, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Lisa Szatkowski, Samantha J. Fahy, Tim Coleman, Joanna Taylor, Liz Twigg, Graham Moon and Jo Leonardi-Bee Source Type: research
Small area synthetic estimates of smoking prevalence during pregnancy in England
Conclusions:
It is possible to derive good estimates of expected smoking prevalence during pregnancy for small areas, potentially at much lower cost than conducting large surveys. Such data may be useful to help plan and commission smoking cessation services and monitor their effectiveness. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 9, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Lisa SzatkowskiSamantha FahyTim ColemanJoanna TaylorLiz TwiggGraham MoonJo Leonardi-Bee Source Type: research
Population aging, macroeconomic changes, and global diabetes prevalence, 1990–2008
Conclusions:
Population aging explains a minority of the recent growth in global diabetes prevalence. The increase in global diabetes between 1990 and 2008 was primarily due to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes at ages 45–65. We do not find evidence that basic indicators of economic growth, development, globalization, or urbanization were related to rising levels of diabetes between 1990 and 2008. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - December 5, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Nikkil SudharsananMohammed AliNeil MehtaK Narayan Source Type: research
Rural-urban differentials in pregnancy-related mortality in Zambia: estimates using data collected in a census
Conclusions:
Census-based estimates show very high adult female mortality and particularly high pregnancy-related mortality in both rural and urban areas of Zambia 12 months prior to the 2010 census. Future censuses should pay greater attention to strategies for improving data quality. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - November 30, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Richard BandaKnut FylkesnesIngvild Sandøy Source Type: research
Estimating distributions of health state severity for the global burden of disease study
Conclusion:
There is large heterogeneity in the disabling severity of conditions among individuals. The GBD 2013 approach allows explicit accounting for this heterogeneity in GBD estimates. Existing survey data that have collected health status together with information on the presence of a series of comorbid conditions can be used to fill critical gaps in the information on condition severity while correcting for effects of comorbidity. Our ability to make these estimates may be limited by lack of geographic variation in the data and by the current methodology for disability weights, which implies that severity must be bi...
Source: Population Health Metrics - November 18, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Roy BursteinTom FlemingJuanita HaagsmaJoshua SalomonTheo VosChristopher Murray Source Type: research
Smoking, smoking cessation, and 7-year mortality in a cohort of Thai adults
Background:
Smoking is a strong risk factor for mortality in both the developed and the developing world. However, there is still limited research to examine the impact of smoking cessation and mortality in middle-income Southeast Asian populations.
Methods:
We use longitudinal data from a large Thai cohort of adult Open University students residing nationwide, linked with official death records to assess the association of smoking status and mortality risks during a 7-year follow-up. The log-rank test was used to evaluate the statistical probability of differential survival according to baseline smoking status. Multivaria...
Source: Population Health Metrics - October 27, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Jiaying ZhaoCha-aim PachaneeVasoontara YiengprugsawanSam-ang SeubsmanAdrian SleighThai Cohort Study Team Source Type: research
Projected growth of the adult congenital heart disease population in the United States to 2050: an integrative systems modeling approach
Conclusion:
Mortality rates have decreased in infants and the prevalence of adults with CHD has increased but will slow down around 2050. This population requires adult medical systems with providers experienced in the care of adult CHD patients, including those familiar with reproduction in women with CHD. (Source: Population Health Metrics)
Source: Population Health Metrics - October 15, 2015 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Catherine BenzigerKaren StoutElisa Zaragoza-MaciasAmelia Bertozzi-VillaAbraham Flaxman Source Type: research
