Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine 
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This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.A principled and cosmopolitan neuroethics: considerations for international relevance
Neuroethics applies cognitive neuroscience for prescribing alterations to conceptions of self and society, and for prescriptively judging the ethical applications of neurotechnologies. Plentiful normative premises are available to ground such prescriptivity, however prescriptive neuroethics may remain fragmented by social conventions, cultural ideologies, and ethical theories. Herein we offer that an objectively principled neuroethics for international relevance requires a new meta-ethics: understanding how morality works, and how humans manage and improve morality, as objectively based on the brain and social sciences. Th...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - January 3, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: John ShookJames Giordano Source Type: research
Medical tourism in india: perceptions of physicians in tertiary care hospitals
Senior physicians of modern medicine in India play a key role in shaping policies and public opinion and institutional management. This paper explores their perceptions of medical tourism (MT) within India which is a complex process involving international demands and policy shifts from service to commercialisation of health care for trade, gross domestic profit, and foreign exchange. Through interviews of 91 physicians in tertiary care hospitals in three cities of India, this paper explores four areas of concern: their understanding of MT, their views of the hospitals they work in, perceptions of the value and place of MT...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - December 17, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Imrana QadeerSunita Reddy Source Type: research
Promoting social responsibility amongst health care users: medical tourists¿ perspectives on an information sheet regarding ethical concerns in medical tourism
Conclusions:
The overall perceptions of former medical tourists indicate that an information sheet may promote further consideration of ethical concerns of medical tourism. However, given that these interviews were performed with former medical tourists, it remains unknown whether such a document might impact upon the decision-making of prospective medical tourists. Furthermore, participants indicated a need for an additional tool such as a website for continued discussion about these concerns. As such, along with dissemination of the information sheet, future research implications should include the development of a websi...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - December 6, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Krystyna AdamsJeremy SnyderValorie CrooksRory Johnston Source Type: research
Promoting social responsibility amongst health care users: medical tourists' perspectives on an information sheet regarding ethical concerns in medical tourism
Conclusions:
The overall perceptions of former medical tourists indicate that an information sheet may promote further consideration of ethical concerns of medical tourism. However, given that these interviews were performed with former medical tourists, it remains unknown whether such a document might impact upon the decision-making of prospective medical tourists. Furthermore, participants indicated a need for an additional tool such as a website for continued discussion about these concerns. As such, along with dissemination of the information sheet, future research implications should include the development of a websi...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - December 6, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Krystyna AdamsJeremy SnyderValorie CrooksRory Johnston Source Type: research
The place of words and numbers in psychiatric research
In recent decades, there has been widespread debate in the human and social sciences regarding the compatibility and the relative merits of quantitative and qualitative approaches in research. In psychiatry, depending on disciplines and traditions, objects of study can be represented either in words or using two types of mathematization. In the latter case, the use of mathematics in psychiatry is most often only local, as opposed to global as in the case of classical mechanics. Relationships between these objects of study can in turn be explored in three different ways: 1/ by a hermeneutic process, 2/ using statistics, the...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - November 18, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Bruno FalissardAnne RévahSuzanne YangAnne Fagot-Largeault Source Type: research
The autism puzzle: challenging a mechanistic model on conceptual and historical grounds
Although clinicians and researchers working in the field of autism are generally not concerned with philosophical categories of kinds, a model for understanding the nature of autism is important for guiding research and clinical practice. Contemporary research in the field of autism is guided by the depiction of autism as a scientific object that can be identified with systematic neuroscientific investigation. This image of autism is compatible with a permissive account of natural kinds: the mechanistic property cluster (MPC) account of natural kinds, recently proposed as the model for understanding psychiatric disorders. ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - November 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Berend Verhoeff Source Type: research
Access to nutritious food, socioeconomic individualism and public health ethics in the USA: a common good approach
Good nutrition plays an important role in the optimal growth, development, health and well-being of individuals in all stages of life. Healthy eating can reduce the risk of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and some types of cancer. However, the capitalist mindset that shapes the food environment has led to the commoditization of food. Food is not just a marketable commodity like any other commodity. Food is different from other commodities on the market in that it is explicitly and intrinsically linked to our human existence. While possessing another commodity allows for social benefits, food ensur...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - October 29, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Jacquineau AzétsopTisha Joy Source Type: research
Neuroethics, confidentiality, and a cultural imperative in early onset Alzheimer disease: a case study with a first nation population
The meaningful consideration of cultural practices, values and beliefs is a necessary component in the effective translation of advancements in neuroscience to clinical practice and public discourse. Society's immense investment in biomedical science and technology, in conjunction with an increasingly diverse socio-cultural landscape, necessitates the study of how potential discoveries in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease are perceived and utilized across cultures. Building on the work of neuroscientists, ethicists and philosophers, we argue that the growing field of neuroethics provides a pragmatic and ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - October 16, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Shaun StevensonB BeattieRichard VedanEmily DwoshLindsey BruceJudy Illes Source Type: research
Is acting on delusions autonomous?
In this paper the question of autonomy in delusional disorders is investigated using a phenomenological approach. I refer to the distinction between freedom of intentional action, and freedom of the will, and develop phenomenological descriptions of lived autonomy, taking into account the distinction between a pre-reflective and a reflective type. Drawing on a case report, I deliver finely-grained phenomenological descriptions of lived autonomy and experienced self-determination when acting on delusions. This analysis seeks to demonstrate that a person with delusions can be described as responsible for her behaviour on a '...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - October 14, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Jann Schlimme Source Type: research
The moral psychology of rationing among physicians: the role of harm and fairness intuitions in physician objections to cost-effectiveness and cost-containment
Conclusions:
Moral intuitions shed light on variation in physician judgments about cost issues in health care. (Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine)
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - September 8, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Ryan AntielFarr CurlinKatherine JamesJon Tilburt Source Type: research
Engaging the normative question in the H5N1 avian influenza mutation experiments
Conclusion:
The paper concludes with philosophical (ethical) justification for continuation of this research. (Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine)
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - September 5, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Norman Swazo Source Type: research
At the borders of medical reasoning: aetiological and ontological challenges of medically unexplained symptoms
Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) remain recalcitrant to the medical profession, proving less suitable for homogenic treatment with respect to their aetiology, taxonomy and diagnosis. While the majority of existing medical research methods are designed for large scale population data and sufficiently homogenous groups, MUS are characterised by their heterogenic and complex nature. As a result, MUS seem to resist medical scrutiny in a way that other conditions do not. This paper approaches the problem of MUS from a philosophical point of view. The aim is to first consider the epistemological problem of MUS in a wider ont...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - September 4, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Thor EriksenRoger KerryStephen MumfordSvein LieRani Anjum Source Type: research
Honeymoon, medical treatment or big business? An analysis of the meanings of the term "reproductive tourism" in German and Israeli public media discourses
Conclusions:
Ethicists should be cautious when borrowing metaphors like "reproductive tourism" from the public debate. Our findings support Penning's suggestion to use instead an unloaded term like cross-border reproductive care to describe the phenomenon in a more neutral way and to make it explicit whenever criticism is necessary. (Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine)
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - August 20, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Sharon BassanMerle Michaelsen Source Type: research
An ethnomethodological approach to examine exploitation in the context of capacity, trust and experience of commercial surrogacy in India
This study considers the critique by feminists, who argue that patriarchal and medical control prevails in the surrogacy contracts. It also explores the exploitative dynamics amongst actors in the light of Baier's conceptualization of trust and human relationship, within which both justice and exploitation thrive, and Foucault's concept of bio-power. Drawing on these concepts, this paper aims to investigate the manifestations of exploitation in commercial surrogacy in the context of trust, power and experiences of actors, using a case study of one clinic in India. The actors' experiences are evaluated at different stages o...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - August 20, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Sheela Saravanan Source Type: research
Access to antiretroviral treatment, issues of well-being and public health governance in Chad: what justifies the limited success of the universal access policy?
Universal access to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Chad was officially declared in December 2006. This presidential initiative was and is still funded 100% by the country's budget and external donors' financial support. Many factors have triggered the spread of AIDS. Some of these factors include the existence of norms and beliefs that create or increase exposure, the low-level education that precludes access to health information, social unrest, and population migration to areas of high economic opportunities and gender-based discrimination. Social forces that influence the distribution of dimensions of well-being and ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - August 1, 2013 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Jacquineau AzétsopBlondin Diop Source Type: research
