Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Discourse on medicine: meditative and calculative approaches to ethics from an international perspective
Heidegger's two modes of thinking, calculative and meditative, were used as the thematic basis for this qualitative study of physicians from seven countries (Canada, China, India, Ireland, Japan, Korea, & Thailand). Focus groups were conducted in each country with 69 physicians who cared for the elderly. Results suggest that physicians perceived ethical issues primarily through the lens of calculative thinking (76%) with emphasis on economic concerns. Meditative responses represented 24% of the statements and were mostly generated by Canadian physicians whose patients typically were not faced with economic barriers to trea...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - November 7, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: David MalloyRonald MartinThomas HadjistavropoulosPeilai LiuElizabeth McCarthyIlhyeok ParkN ShalaniMasaaki MurakamiSuchat Paholpak Source Type: research

Spanning our differences: moral psychology, physician beliefs, and the practice of medicine
Moral pluralism is the norm in contemporary society. Even the best philosophical arguments rarely persuade moral opponents who differ at a foundational level. This has been vividly illustrated in contemporary debates in bioethics surrounding contentious issues such as abortion and euthanasia. It is readily apparent that bioethics discourse lacks an empirical explanation for the broad differences about various topics in bioethics and health policy. In recent years, social and cognitive psychology has generated novel approaches for defining basic differences in moral intuitions generally. We propose that if empirical researc...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - November 4, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Ryan AntielKatherine HumeniukJon Tilburt Source Type: research

Ebola, epidemics, and ethics - what we have learned
The current Ebola epidemic has presented challenges both medical and ethical. Although we have known epidemics of untreatable diseases in the past, this particular one may be unique in the intensity and rapidity of its spread, as well as ethical challenges that it has created, exacerbated by its geographic location. We will look at the infectious agent and the epidemic it is causing, in order to understand the ethical problems that have arisen. (Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine)
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - October 24, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: G Donovan Source Type: research

The moral code in Islam and organ donation in Western countries: reinterpreting religious scriptures to meet utilitarian medical objectives
End-of-life organ donation is controversial in Islam. The controversy stems from: (1) scientifically flawed medical criteria of death determination; (2) invasive perimortem procedures for preserving transplantable organs; and (3) incomplete disclosure of information to consenting donors and families. Data from a survey of Muslims residing in Western countries have shown that the interpretation of religious scriptures and advice of faith leaders were major barriers to willingness for organ donation. Transplant advocates have proposed corrective interventions: (1) reinterpreting religious scriptures, (2) reeducating faith le...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - June 2, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Mohamed RadyJoseph Verheijde Source Type: research

Retrospective diagnosis of a famous historical figure: ontological, epistemic, and ethical considerations
The aim of this essay is to elaborate philosophical and ethical underpinnings of posthumous diagnosis of famous historical figures based on literary and artistic products, or commonly called retrospective diagnosis. It discusses ontological and epistemic challenges raised in the humanities and social sciences, and attempts to systematically reply to their criticisms from the viewpoint of clinical medicine, philosophy of medicine, particularly the ontology of disease and the epistemology of diagnosis, and medical ethics. The ontological challenge focuses on the doubt about the persistence of a disease over historical time, ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - May 28, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Osamu Muramoto Source Type: research

A four-part working bibliography of neuroethics: part 1: overview and reviews ¿ defining and describing the field and its practices
Background: Neuroethics entails investigations of neurocognitive mechanisms of morality and ethics; and studies and address of the ethical issues spawned by the use of neuroscience and its technologies to investigate cognition, emotion and actions. These two principal emphases, or what have been called “traditions” of neuroethics both mirror traditional bioethical discussions (such as debates about the safety of technological and pharmaceutical advances and ethical implications of new scientific and technological discoveries), and engage discourse about neuroscientific investigations of (proto-moral and moral) cognitio...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - May 16, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Liana BuniakMartina DarraghJames Giordano Source Type: research

A four-part working bibliography of neuroethics: part 1: overview and reviews - defining and describing the field and its practices
Background: Neuroethics entails investigations of neurocognitive mechanisms of morality and ethics; and studies and address of the ethical issues spawned by the use of neuroscience and its technologies to investigate cognition, emotion and actions. These two principal emphases, or what have been called "traditions" of neuroethics both mirror traditional bioethical discussions (such as debates about the safety of technological and pharmaceutical advances and ethical implications of new scientific and technological discoveries), and engage discourse about neuroscientific investigations of (proto-moral and moral) cognition, e...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - May 16, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Liana BuniakMartina DarraghJames Giordano Source Type: research

The 9th annual INDUS-EM 2013 Emergency Medicine Summit, ¿Principles, Practices, and Patients,¿ a level one international meeting, Kerala University of Health Sciences and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, October 23¿27, 2013
INDUS-EM is India’s only level one conference imparting and exchanging quality knowledge in acute care. Specifically, in general and specialized emergency care and training in trauma, burns, cardiac, stroke, environmental and disaster medicine. It provides a series of exchanges regarding academic development and implementation of training tools related to developing future academic faculty and residents in Emergency Medicine in India. The INDUS-EM leadership and board of directors invited scholars from multiple institutions to participate in this advanced educational symposium that was held in Thrissur, Kerala in October...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - May 6, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Mamta SwaroopSagar GalwankarStanislaw StawickiJayaraj BalakrishnanTamara WorltonRavi TripathiDavid BahnerSanjeev BhoiColin KaideThomas Papadimos Source Type: research

The 9th annual INDUS-EM 2013 Emergency Medicine Summit, "Principles, Practices, and Patients," a level one international meeting, Kerala University of Health Sciences and Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India, October 23-27, 2013
INDUS-EM is India's only level one conference imparting and exchanging quality knowledge in acute care. Specifically, in general and specialized emergency care and training in trauma, burns, cardiac, stroke, environmental and disaster medicine. It provides a series of exchanges regarding academic development and implementation of training tools related to developing future academic faculty and residents in Emergency Medicine in India. The INDUS-EM leadership and board of directors invited scholars from multiple institutions to participate in this advanced educational symposium that was held in Thrissur, Kerala in October 2...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - May 6, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Mamta SwaroopSagar GalwankarStanislaw StawickiJayaraj BalakrishnanTamara WorltonRavi TripathiDavid BahnerSanjeev BhoiColin KaideThomas Papadimos Source Type: research

The epistemological role of empathy in psychopathological diagnosis: a contemporary reassessment of Karl Jaspers' account
Conclusions: Jaspers was right in stressing that psychopathological concepts of subjective mental symptoms represent patients' genuine abnormal experiences irreducible to concepts representing their associated behavioral manifestations. Moreover, he was right in stressing the importance of the empathic 'second person' approach to patients' mental experiences. However, he failed to recognize unambiguously that the epistemological access to patients' mental symptoms, though enormously aided by empathy, remains mainly indirect and thus requires also a 'third person' approach to them. Overall then, clinical psychopathological ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - March 17, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Panagiotis Oulis Source Type: research

Has the sanctity of life law `gone too far¿?: analysis of the sanctity of life doctrine and English case law shows that the sanctity of life law has not `gone too far¿
The medical profession consistently strives to uphold patient empowerment, equality and safety. It is ironic that now, at a time where advances in technology and knowledge have given us an increased capacity to preserve and prolong life, we find ourselves increasingly asking questions about the value of the lives we are saving. A recent editorial by Professor Raanan Gillon questions the emphasis that English law places on the sanctity of life doctrine. In what was described by Reverend Nick Donnelly as a “manifesto for killing patients”, Professor Gillon argues that the sanctity of life law has gone too far because of ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - February 22, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Abdul-Rasheed RabiuKapil Sugand Source Type: research

Has the sanctity of life law 'gone too far'?: analysis of the sanctity of life doctrine and English case law shows that the sanctity of life law has not 'gone too far'
The medical profession consistently strives to uphold patient empowerment, equality and safety. It is ironic that now, at a time where advances in technology and knowledge have given us an increased capacity to preserve and prolong life, we find ourselves increasingly asking questions about the value of the lives we are saving.A recent editorial by Professor Raanan Gillon questions the emphasis that English law places on the sanctity of life doctrine. In what was described by Reverend Nick Donnelly as a "manifesto for killing patients", Professor Gillon argues that the sanctity of life law has gone too far because of its d...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - February 22, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Abdul-Rasheed RabiuKapil Sugand Source Type: research

Performance enhancement, elite athletes and anti doping governance: comparing human guinea pigs in pharmaceutical research and professional sports
In light of the World Anti Doping Agency's 2013 Code Revision process, we critically explore the applicability of two of three criteria used to determine whether a method or substance should be considered for their Prohibited List, namely its (potential) performance enhancing effects and its (potential) risk to the health of the athlete. To do so, we compare two communities of human guinea pigs: (i) individuals who make a living out of serial participation in Phase 1 pharmacology trials; and (ii) elite athletes who engage in what is effectively 'unregulated clinical research' by using untested prohibited or non-prohibited ...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - February 5, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Silvia CamporesiMichael McNamee Source Type: research

Should assisted dying be legalised?
This article summarises the key arguments developed over the course of the debate. We will explore how assisted dying can affect both the patient and doctor; the nature of consent and limits of autonomy; the effects on society; the viability of a proposed model; and, perhaps most importantly, the potential need for the practice within our current medico-legal framework. (Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine)
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - January 15, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Thomas FrostDevan SinhaBarnabas Gilbert Source Type: research

The phenomenological-existential comprehension of chronic pain: going beyond the standing healthcare models
A distinguishing characteristic of the biomedical model is its compartmentalized view of man. This way of seeing human beings has its origin in Greek thought; it was stated by Descartes and to this day it still considers humans as beings composed of distinct entities combined into a certain form. Because of this observation, one began to believe that the focus of a health treatment could be exclusively on the affected area of the body, without the need to pay attention to patient's subjectivity. By seeing pain as a merely sensory response, this model was not capable of encompassing chronic pain, since the latter is a compl...
Source: Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in Medicine - January 10, 2014 Category: Medical Ethics Authors: Daniela LimaVera AlvesEgberto Turato Source Type: research