Hirschsprung Disease
Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder of intestinal motility affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 live births, with a 4:1 male predominance. No single underlying cause has been identified, with both sporadic and familial cases reported. Most often HSCR is an isolated finding, but 20% of cases are associated with a chromosomal abnormality or with other congenital anomalies of the cardiac, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and/or nervous systems. Also, a variety of syndromes pose an increased risk of HSCR, including Down syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type IIA, and congenital hypoventilation syndrome, amo...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Child Labor and Sex Trafficking
Regardless of their practice setting or subspecialty, pediatricians are likely to encounter children who have experienced sex or labor trafficking or who are at risk for exploitation. Only 24.1% of health professionals in one study reported receiving previous training on human trafficking; after a brief presentation on the topic, 39.6% indicated that they knew or suspected they had cared for a trafficked person in the past 3 months. Trafficked and exploited children can present with myriad physical or mental health conditions; most have experienced repeated, significant trauma; and few are likely to spontaneously disclose ...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Refusal to Bear Weight in a Previously Healthy 8-year-old Girl
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Health-care Transition: A Vital Part of Care, Growth, and Change for Pediatric Patients
Preparing all youth for the transition to adult-oriented care, adulthood itself, and a greater responsibility for their own health and health-care is an essential part of pediatric care. This process, typically described as health-care transition, can occur throughout ongoing pediatric health-care to prepare patients for transfer to an adult clinician and integration into adult care. Gaps remain in practice and in outcomes research regarding health-care transition. This review discusses recent literature, details best practices, and recommends guidance and tools to assist pediatric clinicians in providing a smooth transiti...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
A Week of Nightly Fevers in a 10-year-old Girl
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Rapidly Progressive Oral Ulceration in a 12-year-old Girl
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Hemophilia: The Past, the Present, and the Future
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Dermatologic Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Childhood
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
“Pain in the Neck”: Acute-Onset Neck Pain in an Adolescent Girl
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - December 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Failure to Thrive or Growth Faltering: Medical, Developmental/Behavioral, Nutritional, and Social Dimensions
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Acute Infectious Stridor
Stridor, a harsh, grating respiratory sound often easily heard without a stethoscope, usually represents extrathoracic airflow obstruction. Although most often inspiratory, it can become biphasic in critical airway obstruction. The noise is caused by rapid, turbulent airflow through a narrowed airway. Poiseuille ’s Law states that airway resistance is inversely proportional to the radius of the airway to the fourth power. Therefore, a small change in airway diameter can have a large effect on resistance. Hence, pediatric patients, particularly infants with smaller airways, are especially susceptible to ch anges in airway...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta. In fetal life, gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is undertaken by the maternal placenta and not the fetal lungs. The small amount of blood that passes through the pulmonary circulation is important for vascular growth but not for gas exchange. When oxygenated blood returns from the placenta via the umbilical vein to the fetal heart, it may take 1 of 2 pathways to bypass the pulmonary circulation. First, most of the fetal blood volume is shunted right to left (right atrium to left atrium) across the foramen ovale, by...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Update on Juvenile Spondyloarthritis
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a blanket term encompassing entities such as enthesitis-related arthritis, nonradiographic axial SpA, and ankylosing spondylitis. These diseases share many clinical features, including a predilection for inflammation of the entheses and the sacroiliac joints. The nomenclature is based on the evolution of the classification of the disease and the age of the patient. SpA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population of the United States, with 10% to 20% of patients experiencing the onset during childhood. Children with onset of arthritis before age 16 years are classified as having juvenil...
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Apnea Spells in a Term Neonate
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
Cyanosis in a Previously Well Child
(Source: Pediatrics in Review)
Source: Pediatrics in Review - November 1, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research
