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Peace psychology and the deadly competition between democracy and dictatorship.
This editorial discusses peace psychology and the deadly competition between democracy and dictatorship. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology)
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - September 2, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

For Mayan women seeking redress for unthinkable harm, whose justice?
Reviews the book, Beyond Repair?: Mayan Women's Protagonism in the Aftermath of Genocidal Harm by Alison Crosby and M. Brinton Lykes (2019). In this book, Crosby and Lykes “[trace] the struggles for redress by 54 Mayan women protagonists...all of whom survived sexual harm and many other violations perpetrated against them during the height of Guatemala’s 36-year armed conflict.” Drawing heavily on data from regional and national workshops employing feminist Participatory Action Research, Crosby and Lykes offer a carefully constructed account of Mayan women’s efforts to seek justice and redress—in the process prob...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - August 26, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Perspectives on challenges and opportunities for peace: From the philosophical to the practical.
Reviews the books, World Peace (And How We Can Achieve It) by Alex Bellamy (2019); Transformative Pacifism: Critical Theory and Practice by Andrew Fiala (2018), Emancipatory and Participatory Methodologies in Peace, Critical, and Community Psychology edited by Mohamed Seedat et al. (2016); People Power: Fighting for Peace from the First World War to the Present by Lyn Smith (2017); and Routledge Handbook of Environmental Conflict and Peacebuilding by Ashok Swain and Joakim Öjendal (2018). The range of books reviewed here highlights the scope of our collegial community’s work in peace. They further underscore the breadth...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - August 23, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

War, peace and empire in modern memory.
Reviews the book, Post-National Memory, Peace and War: Making Pasts Beyond Borders by Nigel Young (2020). This book draws on the author’s life’s work as a peace activist; as an academic and researcher in peace studies; as a public intellectual; and as editor of the Oxford International Encyclopaedia of Peace. It successfully combines deep analysis with personal witness, notably in the numerous vignettes and images, which are scattered through the book. While drawing upon the insights of psychology, the book is truly multidisciplinary. It explores how war and peace are represented in poetry, war memorials, paintings, pl...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - August 12, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Inside of a prison: How a culture of punishment prevents rehabilitation.
The United States spends over $80 billion to hold 2.3 million individuals in prison. Despite these expenditures, 68% of released prisoners are arrested within 3 years of reentry, 79% within 6 years, and 83% within 9 years. Incarcerated citizens leave prison more alienated, more traumatized, and less capable of prosocial skills than when they entered prison. The reasons for prison rehabilitation failure are clear. The prevailing philosophy in prisons is based on punishment, which psychology has demonstrated in countless studies, exacerbates fear, anger, aggression, deception, and often proclivities for depression and suicid...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - August 9, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Improving the effectiveness of intergroup apologies: The role of apology content and moral emotions.
We report three studies reported in which we examined how changing the content of an intergroup apology affects how the apology is received. In Study 1, we investigated how emphasizing structural, relational, or identity-related factors influenced reactions to an apology from a large group, a small group, and from an individual. There was limited evidence that these apology variations affected the way in which the two group apologies were received, but there were large differences in the individual apology condition, where the influence of these factors was mediated by perceptions of the transgressor. In Studies 2 and 3, w...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - July 29, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Effects of power asymmetry on the sustained impact of a contact-based intervention on perceptions of relations between Arabs and Jews in Israel.
This study sought to explore the longer-term effects of participating in an intergroup contact intervention on attitudes of Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs regarding relations between Jews and Arabs in Israel. Following the contact encounter, compared to a control condition, participants’ perceptions of intergroup threat, outgroup trust, willingness to forgive the outgroup, and involvement in competitive victimhood were assessed. Results indicated the generally positive role that the contact intervention had on Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs participants. However, the effects among Israeli Arabs, compared to Israeli Jews,...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - July 22, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

The formation of antisocial tendencies in veterans via combat excitement.
This study demonstrates that both the loss of combat excitement was at the epicenter of participants’ antisocial and self-injurious tendencies in their civilian lives after leaving an active duty setting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology)
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - July 15, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

U.S. Senators’ power motivation and their votes for war versus peace.
This article extends the research to war support by the legislative branch, relating U.S. senators’ motive imagery scores in debate to their votes for or against war (or war policies) in seven crises: the War of 1812, the 1861 debate on the “Crittenden Compromise” intended to placate the southern states and avoid a civil war, the 1898 Spanish–American War, the 1973 Case–Church and Eagleton Amendments to limit U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, the 1975 Tunney Amendment to cut off support for covert operations in the Angola civil war, the 1991 authorization to use force against the Iraq invasion of Kuwait, and ...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 24, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Olympism for humanity theory and praxis: A call for peace and democracy champions of change.
The Olympic Games, the biggest international event, with participants that exceed the number of United Nations’ member states, were initiated as a peace education platform for embracing internationalism, global solidarity, and humanity. The Olympic idea, however, throughout history, was used as a vehicle for militarism, inter-group hatred, propaganda, and supremacy (Lyras, 2020). Despite this paradox, Sport, enriched with the humanistic intentionality of the Olympic idea, combined with established peace and conflict theory, can serve as a peace and democracy platform. The first condition necessary to achieve such objecti...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

75 years of the United Nations and behavioral sciences.
Reviews the book, Behavioral Science in the Global Arena: Addressing Timely Issues at the United Nations and Beyond edited by Elaine P. Congress, Harold Takooshian, and Abigail Asper (2020). This carefully edited volume focuses on the United Nations (U.N.) and the significance and relevance of behavioral sciences to its mission. As the U.N. celebrates its 75th year in 2020, the volume is an especially timely contribution. The editors focus mostly on two key behavioral sciences— psychology and social work—and explicitly aimed to offer a reader-friendly format that ensures an accessible style, welcom ing even to those no...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Development and validation of Risk Assessment Tool for Extremism (RATE) for young people in Pakistan.
In the present study, we aimed to identify and measure the risk factors for developing extremist tendencies. We thus developed a comprehensive risk assessment tool to identify extremism and violent tendencies among young people in the context of Pakistan. This research is being carried out in three successive studies that are built upon each other. In Study I, we carried out detailed focused group discussions (FGDs) with psychologists, military personnel, religious scholars, police officers, educationists, and media analysts to identify any potential risk factors for extremism. Based upon the findings of FDGs and detailed ...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Increasing cognitive complexity and meta-awareness among at-risk youth in Bosnia-Herzegovina in order to reduce risk of extremism and interethnic tension.
This investigation sought to expand the theoretical and practical knowledge of intervention approaches to reduce the risk of interethnic violence and extremism in fragile contexts by leveraging increases in cognitive complexity and resilience among at-risk young Bosniaks, Serbs, and Croats (n = 121, ages 16–33) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Low cognitive complexity, characterized by categorical thinking that does not recognize the validity of other viewpoints, is an important psychological predictor of violence in intergroup conflicts (Suedfeld et al., Looking back, looking forward: Perspectives on terrorism and respo...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Psychological vulnerabilities and extremism among Norwegian youth: A structural equation model using a large-n sample.
This study measured four expressions of extremism and conducted structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicate that factors indicative of psychological vulnerabilities are relevant in explaining susceptibility to extremism among Norwegian youth, especially when viewed in relation to specific demographic variables. Quests for significance and opposition to collective strains appear to be relevant to the relationship between extremism and psychological vulnerabilities. More broadly, this study suggests that extremism develops as a result of complex interactions among numerous factors, that the ordering of these factors...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research

Peace education in contexts of transition from armed conflict in Latin America: El Salvador, Guatemala, and Colombia.
This article analyzes Guatemala, El Salvador, and Colombia’s experiences in their transition contexts that resulted from negotiation processes and included educational components. We reviewed their educational policies and curriculums and discussed with specialists in education and peace. Implementing a critical analysis of discourses, we seek to identify the relationship between implemented educational policies and the international context, the characteristic of specific educational initiatives, and the senses of education in transition scenarios. As results, we can identify that educational transformation to promote p...
Source: Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology - June 17, 2021 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research