Cooperation between strangers in face-to-face dyads produces more cardiovascular activation than competition or working alone.
Individual and shared goals can be achieved through social interpersonal interaction, cooperation and competition being two different yet similar strategies to reach such aims and objectives. Nevertheless, there is a gap in the literature analyzing the effect of these types of social interactions, especially in cooperation, on autonomic nervous system responses using noninvasive measures, such as heart rate (HR). The regulation of HR and other cardiovascular variables of the central nervous system offers information about how to encourage or discourage social engagement and prosocial behaviors. In fact, a more flexible eng...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - March 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Long-term effects of concussions on psychomotor speed and cognitive control processes during motor sequence learning.
The objective of this paper is to investigate whether concussion effects on cognitive control are associated with sequence learning changes in asymptomatic multi-concussion athletes. Thirty-seven athletes (18 nonconcussed; 19 concussed) completed a SRT task during which continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. Ne/ERN amplitude modulation from early to late learning blocks of the task was measured. Median reaction times (RTs) were computed to assess psychomotor speed and motor sequence learning. Psychomotor speed was significantly reduced in concussed athletes. Accentuated Ne/ERN amplitude from early ...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - February 26, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Neural correlates of empathy for physical and psychological pain.
Empathy is known as the ability to share and understand someone else’s feelings. Previous research has either addressed the neural correlates of empathy for pain or social exclusion, but no study has examined empathy for physical and psychological (social) pain simultaneously. Forty-seven participants completed our novel “Social Interaction Empathy Task” during electroencephalogram (EEG) recording. Participants had to observe and rate the intensity of physical and psychological pain in social interactions from a first- and third-person perspective. At the behavioral level, subjects did not differentiate between the p...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Autonomic cardiovascular dysregulation at rest and during stress in chronically low blood pressure.
Chronic low blood pressure (hypotension) is accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue, reduced drive, faintness, dizziness, cold limbs, and concentration difficulties. The study explored the involvement of aberrances in autonomic cardiovascular control in the origin of this condition. In 40 hypotensive and 40 normotensive subjects, impedance cardiography, electrocardiography, and continuous blood pressure recordings were performed at rest and during stress induced by mental calculation. Parameters of cardiac sympathetic control (i.e., stroke volume, cardiac output, pre-ejection period, total peripheral resistance), parasympa...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Job satisfaction among mental health workers: Associations with respiratory sinus reactivity to, and recovery from exposure to mental stress.
Work characteristics such as job satisfaction have been associated with mental and physical health outcomes in several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. However, meta-analytic reviews indicate that nearly all of the reported relationships between these two sets of constructs rely on self-report measures. Thus, the magnitude of the reported relationships may be inaccurate and inflated due to common method variance (mono-method bias) and negative affectivity. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is an objective measure of risk for adverse mental health and physical health outcomes. To our knowledge, there has been no i...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - November 27, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Habitual use of cognitive reappraisal is associated with decreased amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP) elicited by threatening pictures.
In contrast to our knowledge about instructed emotion regulation, rather little is known about the effects of habitual (or “spontaneous”) emotion regulation on neural processing. We analyzed the relationship between everyday use of cognitive reappraisal (measured by the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, ERQ-R), and the amplitude of the late positive potential (LPP), which is sensitive to down-regulation of negative emotions via reappraisal. Participants viewed a series of neutral and threatening images, and rated them for level of threat. We found increased LPP amplitude for threatening compared to neutral pictures bet...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Rumination moderates the association between resting high-frequency heart rate variability and perceived ethnic discrimination.
Ethnic discrimination (ED) is both an unfortunate and uncontrollable phenomenon that uniquely impacts African Americans (AAs) and other individuals of ethnic minority status. Perceived ethnic discrimination (PED), defined as the degree to which an individual consciously perceives a negative event as discriminatory and threatening, largely determines the impact that ED can have on target individuals. However, research has not yet considered how individual differences in both emotion regulation abilities, as indexed by resting high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and rumination, a maladaptive emotion regulation st...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia during sleep and waking: Stability and relation to individual differences in waking affective style.
We examined resting RSA in 25 healthy undergraduates during the waking state and one night of sleep. Stability of cardiac variables across sleep/wake states was highly reliable within participants. As predicted, greater approach behavior and lower impulsivity were associated with higher RSA; these relations were evident in early night Non-REM (NREM) sleep, particularly in slow wave sleep (SWS). The current research extends previous findings by establishing stability of RSA within individuals between wake and sleep states, and by identifying SWS as an optimal period of measurement for relations between waking affective styl...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 28, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Inadequate sleeping impairs brain function and aggravates everyday’s life: A challenge for human psychophysiology?
This editorial notes that major sleep disorders and inadequate sleeping qualify today as a major healthcare, welfare, and social problem. The estimated direct and indirect costs of medical assistance, lost productivity, worsened quality of life, etc., are alarming (Garbarino et al., 2016; Garbarino & Sannita, 2017). The incidence of major sleep disorders is high (approx. 18–23%) in Western societies (Uehli et al., 2014), that of inadequate sleeping because of occupational requirements or due to personal choice is conceivably higher, most likely underestimated. However, professional or voluntary sleep deprivation appears ...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - August 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Daytime acute non-visual alerting response in brain activity occurs as a result of short- and long-wavelengths of light.
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 32(4) of Journal of Psychophysiology (see record 2018-56779-002). The article contained an error on p. 1. The author’s affiliation of Agnieszka Goroncy should read correctly: "²Department of Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland". The authors regret any inconvenience or confusion this error may have caused.] Very recent preliminary findings concerning the alerting capacities of light stimulus with long-wavelengths suggest the existence of neural pathways oth...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - July 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Individual differences in attentional capture by pictures of fear and disgust as indexed by cardiac responses.
Emotional stimuli automatically capture attention in ways that are relevant to the survival value of the stimuli. We have previously shown that individual differences in resting heart rate variability (HRV) were related to attentional capture by negative (fearful) and neutral distractors. However, different negative emotions such as fear and disgust may differentially capture attention. In the present study we investigated the effect of automatic attention capture by disgust and fear stimuli on behavioral and phasic heart rate responses as well as its relationship with resting heart rate variability (HRV). Twenty-eight par...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - July 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Inter-method reliability of pulse volume related measures derived using finger-photoplethysmography: Across sensor positions and light intensities.
In this study, we therefore examined the inter-method reliability of each index across sensor positions and light intensities, which are major disturbance factors of FPPG. From the tips of the index fingers of 12 participants in a resting state, three simultaneous FPPGs having overlapping optical paths were recorded, with their light intensity being changed in three steps. The analysis revealed that the minimum values of three coefficients of Cronbach’s α for ln PV, ln mNPV, ln DC, and PR across positions were .948, .850, .922, and 1.000, respectively, and that those across intensities were .774, .985, .485, and .998, r...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - July 17, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Male smokers’ behavioral and brain responses to deviant cigarette-related stimuli in a two-choice oddball paradigm.
Experimental studies on smoking and response-inhibition capacity have revealed inconsistent findings, which might be due to differences in sensitivity of the behavioral paradigms used. Here we aimed to replicate the impaired response inhibition in male smokers that was found in a previous study using a two-choice oddball task. This task enables the use of response times as index of inhibition capacity and equalizes the response requirement for the different trial types. In addition, we measured event-related brain potentials to explore the nature of the cognitive processes underlying the behavioral difference. Smokers (n =...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - June 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
Suppression of facial mimicry of negative facial expressions in an incongruent context.
People react with Rapid Facial Reactions (RFRs) when presented with human facial emotional expressions. Recent studies show that RFRs are not always congruent with emotional cues. The processes underlying RFRs are still being debated. In our study described herein, we manipulate the context of perception and its influence on RFRs. We use a subliminal affective priming task with emotional labels. Facial electromyography (EMG) (frontalis, corrugator, zygomaticus, and depressor) was recorded while participants observed static facial expressions (joy, fear, anger, sadness, and neutral expression) preceded/not preceded by a sub...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - June 19, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
From individual output to pooled data: A post-processing macro for Kubios HRV 2.2.
[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 32(4) of Journal of Psychophysiology (see record 2018-56779-001). The article contained an error on p. 3. The Acknowledgments section should read: "The Excel macro on which the updated version is based on, was originally developed by Toby Reel and LaBarron K. Hill in 2007 at The Ohio State University, as indicated in the source code. The Java-based applet [9] was developed by Andreas Johnsen Lind (Bergen University, Bergen, Norway) and LaBarron K. Hill in 2010. The authors have no conflict of interest". The authors regret any inconvenience or confusion thi...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - March 30, 2017 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Source Type: research
