Inefficient encoding as an explanation for age-related deficits in recollection-based processing.
We describe results from our laboratory on differences in encoding- and retrieval-related activity between young and older adults. We then show that, relative to the young, in older adults brain activity at encoding is reduced over a brain region believed to be crucial for successful semantic elaboration in a 400–1,400-ms interval (left inferior prefrontal cortex, LIPFC; Johnson, Nessler, & Friedman, 2013; Nessler, Friedman, Johnson, & Bersick, 2007; Nessler, Johnson, Bersick, & Friedman, 2006). This reduced brain activity is associated with diminished subsequent recognition-memory performance and the LPEM at retrieval. ...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Friedman, David; Johnson Jr., Ray Source Type: research
Aging and the lateralization of oscillatory activities related to external and internal motor preparation.
Selection of action may rely on external guidance or be motivated internally, engaging partially distinct cerebral networks. With age, there is an increased allocation of sensorimotor processing resources, accompanied by a reduced differentiation between the two networks of action selection. The present study examines the age effects on the motor-related oscillatory patterns related to the preparation of externally and internally guided movements. Thirty-two older and 30 younger adults underwent three delayed motor tasks with S1 as preparatory and S2 as imperative cue: Full, laterality instructed by S1 (external guidance);...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Deiber, Marie-Pierre; Sallard, Etienne; Ibañez, Vicente; Ludwig, Catherine; Barral, Jérôme Source Type: research
Conflict monitoring across the life span: How to tell right from wrong and act accordingly.
Errors can play a major role for optimizing subsequent performance: Response conflict associated with (near) errors signals the need to recruit additional control resources to minimize future conflict. However, so far it remains open whether children and older adults also adjust their performance as a function of preceding response conflict. To examine the life span development of conflict detection and resolution, response conflict was elicited during a task-switching paradigm. Electrophysiological correlates of conflict detection for correct and incorrect responses and behavioral indices of post-error adjustments were as...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Czernochowski, Daniela Source Type: research
Stimulus-locked and response-locked ERP correlates of spatial inhibition of return (IOR) in old age.
Behavioral research has shown that Inhibition of Return (IOR) is preserved in old age although at longer time intervals between cue and target, which has been interpreted as reflecting a later disengagement from the cue. A recent event-related potential (ERP) study attributed this age-related pattern to an enhanced processing of the cue. Previous ERP research in young samples indicates that target and response processing are also affected by IOR, which makes interesting to study the ERP correlates of IOR from cue presentation to response execution. In this regard, in the present study stimulus-locked (cue-locked and target...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Amenedo, Elena; Gutiérrez-Domínguez, Francisco-Javier; Mateos-Ruger, Sara M.; Pazo-Álvarez, Paula Source Type: research
The electrophysiology of cognitive aging.
Introduces the present issue of the Journal of Psychophysiology. The present special issue includes original studies and review articles on the topic of age-related cognitive changes, using different EEG- and ERP-based methods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: Journal of Psychophysiology)
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - September 15, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Falkenstein, Michael; Gajewski, Patrick D.; Getzmann, Stephan Source Type: research
Modulation of auditory motion processing by visual motion: Early cross-modal interactions in human auditory cortices.
Neurophysiological findings suggested that auditory and visual motion information is integrated at an early stage of auditory cortical processing, already starting in primary auditory cortex. Here, the effect of visual motion on processing of auditory motion was investigated by employing electrotomography in combination with free-field sound motion. A delayed-motion paradigm was used in which the onset of motion was delayed relative to the onset of an initially stationary stimulus. The results indicated that activity related to the motion-onset response, a neurophysiological correlate of auditory motion processing, interac...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Getzmann, Stephan; Lewald, Jörg Source Type: research
An ERP study of expectation violation in a social comparison context.
Previous studies pay more attention to the cognitive control in classical cognitive conflict task but the time-course of the expectation violation in a social comparison context remains unknown. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of expectation violation by using a reward feedback paradigm in a social comparison context. Results showed that: Expectation incongruent stimuli (EIS) elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P400-700) than did expectation congruent stimuli (ECS) between 400 and 700 ms. Furthermore, dipole source analysis revealed that the generator of P40...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Du, Xue; Hitchman, Glenn; Zhang, Qing-Lin; Qiu, Jiang Source Type: research
Intensity dependence of auditory evoked potentials (IDAP) in adult attention deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) disorder.
Intensity-dependent auditory evoked potentials (IDAP) were shown to be increased in highly impulsive individuals. As impulsivity is one of the core symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), patients with ADHD were expected to exhibit an enhanced IDAP. Twenty-five ADHD patients taking methylphenidate and 21 healthy control participants were given diagnostic questionnaires including the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and IDAP was assessed with five-tone intensities. Amplitude, latency, and intensity slope of the N1, P2, and N1/P2 were determined. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no significant group differ...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Seo, Bo-Kyung; Sartory, Gudrun; Kis, Bernhard; Scherbaum, Norbert; Müller, Bernhard W. Source Type: research
Miscoded visual processing in degenerative retinal disorder?
Standard electrophysiological procedures for visual testing were applied to record the retinal and cortical electrophysiological responses to contrast stimulation from 35 subjects with unambiguously diagnosed retinitis pigmentosa and severe impairment of visual acuity and field. Stimuli (central 9° of visual field) were sinusoidal bars with spatial frequencies of 0.6–1.2 cycle/degree and 1.3–5.0 cycle/degree for the retinal (pattern-ERG) and cortical (pattern-VEP) responses, respectively; contrast was 80%; reversal at 2.13 Hz. Structured pattern-ERG above noise level was recorded from 29 subjects at 0.6 cycle/degree a...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Carozzo, Simone; Martinoli, Cristina; Sannita, Walter G. Source Type: research
Brain activity during resting state in relation to academic performance: Evidence of neural efficiency.
EEG coherence has been widely used to investigate brain activity and learning. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between resting-state EEG coherence and academic performance. The present study investigated this relationship with 140 healthy, normal participants. EEG was recorded during resting periods, with eyes open for 3 min, and the recordings were analyzed for 64 electrode positions in the theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (12–25 Hz) frequency bands. Coherence, defined as the spectral cross-correlation between two signals normalized by their power spectra, was calculated. Short- a...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - May 19, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Cheung, Mei-chun; Chan, Agnes S.; Han, Yvonne M.; Sze, Sophia L. Source Type: research
Attentional modulation of the emotional expression processing studied with ERPs and sLORETA.
Recent ERP studies demonstrate that the processing of facial emotional expression can be modulated by attention. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neural correlates of attentional influence on the emotional expression processing at early stages. We recorded ERP responses to facial stimuli containing neutral versus emotional expression in two different conditions. The first task was to discriminate facial expressions, while the second task was to categorize face gender. Enhanced positivity at occipital and occipito-temporal locations between 110 and 170 ms poststimulus was elicited by facial stimuli presen...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - February 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Wronka, Eligiusz; Walentowska, Wioleta Source Type: research
Brief report: Some remarks about the response relatedness of the error negativity.
The error negativity (Ne) is a prominent response-related potential reflecting error processing or response monitoring processes. Despite the huge amount of literature dealing with the Ne, only few studies investigated how close the Ne is related to the kind of response collected by the experimental setup. The present study investigated whether the Ne differs between force locked and force level related (aka button press) data. Indeed, the Ne was more pronounced for force onset compared to level trigger and appeared to be related to the steepness of the raise of force. These results implicate that the parameterization of t...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - February 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hoffmann, Sven Source Type: research
ERP evidence of a Stroop-like effect in emotional speech related to social anhedonia.
The present study investigated the ERP correlates of the integration of emotional prosody to the emotional meaning of a spoken word. Thirty-four nonclinical participants listened to negative and positive words that were spoken with an angry or happy prosody and classified the emotional valence of the word meaning while ignoring emotional prosody. Social anhedonia was also self-rated by the subjects. Compared to congruent trials, incongruent ones elicited slower and less accurate behavioral responses, and a smaller P300 component at the brain response level. The present data suggest that vocal emotional information is salie...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - February 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Roux, Paul; Vistoli, Damien; Christophe, Anne; Passerieux, Christine; Brunet-Gouet, Eric Source Type: research
Influence of affective changes on behavioral and cognitive performances after acute bout of exhaustive exercise.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of acute, exhaustive, exercise on affective responses (affective valence and activation) and behavioral and cognitive performances in medical students using circumplex model, reaction time (RT), and P300, respectively. Twelve healthy, untrained, male medical students participated in self-controlled, counterbalanced trial conducted over two sessions: baseline and exercise. In the baseline session, recordings of auditory reaction time (ART), visual RT (VRT), and P300 latency and amplitude (using acoustic “oddball” paradigm) were taken at the end of 15 min seated r...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - February 3, 2014 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Jain, Preeti; Aprajita; Jain, Peeyush; Jain, Ajay Kumar; Babbar, Rashmi Source Type: research
Electrophysiological correlates of perceptual auditory priming without explicit recognition memory.
The aim of this study was to identify an event-related potential (ERP correlate) of perceptual auditory priming using a method that can dissociate it from explicit memory similar to Rugg et al. (1998). EEG was recorded during performance of an auditory word recognition test, where 17 participants discriminated “old” from “new” aural words, encoded using either a “deep” or “shallow” levels-of-processing (LOP) study task. A right-lateralized P200 effect was modulated by words’ old/new status but not by accuracy of recognition or LOP manipulation. Because this effect was driven by simple repetition rather th...
Source: Journal of Psychophysiology - November 25, 2013 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Harris, Jill D.; Cutmore, Tim R. H.; O’Gorman, John; Finnigan, Simon; Shum, David H. K. Source Type: research
