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Advances in Immunotherapy in Esophagogastric Cancer
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are rapidly transforming the care of patients with esophagogastric cancer. Particularly, anti-PD-1 therapy has demonstrated promising efficacy in metastatic and resectable disease. In this review, the authors discuss landmark clinical trials, highlight challenges and opportunities in this field, and propose potential directions for future work. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - March 15, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Khalid Jazieh, Harry Yoon, Mojun Zhu Source Type: research
Esophagogastric Cancer
Radiation therapy is an effective treatment modality in the management of patients with esophageal cancer regardless of tumor location (proximal, middle, or distal esophagus) or histology (squamous cell vs adenocarcinoma). The addition of neoadjuvant CRT to surgery in patients who are surgical candidates has consistently shown a benefit in terms of locoregional recurrence, pathologic downstaging, and overall survival. For patients who are not surgical candidates, CRT has a role as definitive treatment. (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Leila T. Tchelebi, Karyn A. Goodman Source Type: research
Targeted Agents in Esophagogastric Cancer Beyond Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2
Gastroesophageal cancers are highly diverse tumors in terms of their anatomic and molecular characteristics, making drug development challenging. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular profiles of these cancers have led to the identification of several new biomarkers. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating new targeted agents with promising results. CLDN18.2 has emerged as a biomarker with established activity of associated targeted therapies. Other targeted agents, such as bemarituzumab and DKN-01, are under active investigation. As new agents are incorporated into the treatment continuum, the questions of ...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - March 13, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Eric Mehlhaff, Devon Miller, Johnathan E. Ebben, Oleksii Dobrzhanskyi, Nataliya V. Uboha Source Type: research
Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers and the Role of Genetic Testing
Beyond the few established hereditary cancer syndromes with an upper gastrointestinal cancer component, there is increasing recognition of the contribution of novel pathogenic germline variants (gPVs) to upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. The detection of gPVs has potential implications for novel treatment approaches of the index cancer patient as well as long-term implications for surveillance and risk-reducing measures for cancer survivors and far-reaching implications for the patients ’ family. With widespread availability of multigene panel testing, new associations may be identified with germline-somatic integra...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - March 7, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Emily C. Harrold, Zsofia K. Stadler Source Type: research
The Role of Screening and Early Detection in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Upper gastrointestinal cancers are among the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide with exceptionally poor prognosis, which is largely attributable to frequently delayed diagnosis. Although effective screening is critical for early detection, the highly variable incidence of upper gastrointestinal cancers presents challenges, rendering universal screening programs suboptimal in most populations globally. Optimal strategies in regions of modest incidence, such as the United States, require a targeted approach, focused on high-risk individuals based on demographic, familial, and clinicopathologic risk factors. Assessment...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - March 1, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Jin Woo Yoo, Monika Laszkowska, Robin B. Mendelsohn Source Type: research
Advances in Surgery and (Neo) Adjuvant Therapy in the Management of Pancreatic Cancer
A multimodality approach, which usually includes chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiotherapy, is optimal for patients with localized pancreatic cancer. The timing and sequence of these interventions depend on anatomic resectability and the biological suitability of the tumor and the patient. Tumors with vascular involvement (ie, borderline resectable/locally advanced) require surgical reassessments after therapy and participation of surgeons familiar with advanced techniques. When indicated, venous reconstruction should be offered as standard of care because it has acceptable morbidity. Morbidity and mortality of pancreas s...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 29, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Mengyuan Liu, Alice C. Wei Source Type: research
Immunotherapy
Biliary tract cancers continue to increase in incidence and have a high mortality rate. Most of the patients present with advanced-stage disease. The discovery of targetable genomic alterations addressing IDH, FGFR, HER2, BRAFV600 E, and others has led to the identification and validation of novel therapies in biliary cancer. Recent advances demonstrating an improved outcome with the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy have established a new first-line care standard. In case of contraindications to the use of checkpoint inhibitors and the absence of targetable alterations, chemotherapy remains to be ...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 28, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Layal Al Mahmasani, James J. Harding, Ghassan Abou-Alfa Source Type: research
New Developments in Myeloma
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Peter Leif Bergsagel Source Type: research
Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Contributors
GEORGE P. CANELLOS, MD (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Contents
Peter Leif Bergsagel (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Forthcoming Issues
Malignancies of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America)
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 27, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
Advances in Gastric Cancer Surgical Management
The goal of a gastric cancer operation is a microscopically negative resection margin and D2 lymphadenectomy. Minimally invasive techniques (laparoscopic and robotic) have been proven to be equivalent for oncologic care, yet with faster recovery. Endoscopic mucosal resection can be used for T1a N0 tumor resection. Better understanding of hereditary gastric cancer and molecular subtypes has led to specialized recommendations for MSI-high tumors and patients with pathogenic CDH1 mutations. In the future, surgical management will support minimally invasive approaches and personalized cancer care based on subtype. (Source: Hem...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 23, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Emily E. Stroobant, Vivian E. Strong Source Type: research
Malignancies of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
Treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers has undergone a significant transformation over the past decade. The move to minimally invasive surgical approaches has led to potential better surgical therapy tolerance, lessening of surgical complications and enhanced recovery times, and potential enhancement of delivery of adjuvant therapies. Adjuvant treatment has advanced across the spectrum of GI cancers with improved survival with more contemporary chemotherapy regimens. Increasingly neoadjuvant strategies are being employed across the spectrum of upper GI malignancies, and participation in multidisciplinary discussi...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - February 19, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: David H. Ilson Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Cereblon-Targeting Ligase Degraders in Myeloma
Cereblon-targeting degraders, including immunomodulatory imide drugs lenalidomide and pomalidomide alongside cereblon E3 ligase modulators like iberdomide and mezigdomide, have demonstrated significant anti-myeloma effects. These drugs play a crucial role in diverse therapeutic approaches for multiple myeloma (MM), emphasizing their therapeutic importance across various disease stages. Despite their evident efficacy, approximately 5% to 10% of MM patients exhibit primary resistance to lenalidomide, and resistance commonly develops over time. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of action and resistance to this drug class...
Source: Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America - January 31, 2024 Category: Cancer & Oncology Authors: Holly Lee, Paola Neri, Nizar J. Bahlis Source Type: research