Faecal Particle Size in Free-Ranging Proboscis Monkeys, < b > < i > Nasalis larvatus < /i > < /b > : Variation between Seasons
This study highlights a seasonal influence on proboscis monkeys’ chewing efficiency, with smaller MPS (better chewing efficiency) during the wet season. During that time of the year, individuals may pote ntially change their diet, as all faecal samples contained intact seeds. Whether the seasonal MPS difference in proboscis monkeys is smaller than in other colobines due to their “rumination” strategy remains to be investigated.Folia Primatol 2018;89:327 –334 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - August 16, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Komodo Dragon Predation on Crab-Eating Macaques at the Rinca Island ’s Visitor Centre, Indonesia
We investigated the proportion of crab-eating macaques in the diet of Komodo dragons and quantified the spatial habitat use between the species as a proxy for predation threat and in relation to prey availability due to ecotourism. In 2013, in Loh Buaya valley of Rinca Island, Komodo National Park, we conducted macroscopic identification of hairs, claws, dentition and osteological remains of consumed prey. For habitat use, we quantified the use of vertical strata by macaques through focal animal sampling. For Komodo dragons in the valley, macaques were a significant component of their diet (20.7%), ranking second after rus...
Source: Folia Primatologica - August 16, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Do Common Marmosets ( < b > < i > Callithrix jacchus < /i > < /b > ) Use Scent to Communicate Information about Food Resources?
Many animals use olfactory cues to signal information about food resources; however, this particular use of scent has received little attention in primates. Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are exudativores that gouge bark to elicit exudate production and frequently deposit scent marks at gouge holes. We conducted preliminary tests of the hypothesis that common marmosets use olfactory cues to communicate information about exudate value, with more desirable resources targeted for marking. We performed choice experiments on two captive male marmosets. The animals were presented with: (1) a urine scent-marked and unmarke...
Source: Folia Primatologica - August 8, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Nest-Building Behaviour by Chimpanzees ( < b > < i > Pan troglodytes verus < /i > < /b > ) in the Non-Protected Area of Diaguiri (Kedougou, Senegal): Implications for Conservation
This study aims to describe in Diaguiri: (1) the distribution of chimpanzee nests and the location of their core sleeping area, (2) the tree species used for nest building, (3) the association between nests and nesting tree heights, and (4) differences in nest decay rates between habitats. We surveyed 43 km of chimpanzee nesting habitats and recorded 871 nests in gallery forest and woodland habitats between March 2015 and June 2016. Diaguiri chimpanzees used at least 17 tree species for nest building, and 58.8% of nests were in only 3 tree species:Pterocarpus erinaceus, Anogeissus leiocarpus andDiospyros mespiliformis. Nes...
Source: Folia Primatologica - August 8, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Restating the Case for a Sharp Population Decline in < b > < i > Lemur catta < /i > < /b >
As with many other species in the primate order, ring-tailed lemurs(Lemur catta) are threatened with extinction. Our articles documented declines in wild ring-tailed lemur populations and noted that fewer than 2,500 wild ring-tailed lemurs are known to persist in 32 [Gould and Sauther:Primate Conservation 2016; 30: 89 –101] and 34 [LaFleur et al.:Folia Primatologica 2017; 87: 320 –330] sites. A criticism of our articles [Murphy et al.:International Journal of Primatology 2017; 38: 623 –628] suggested that we have inadequately sampled ring-tailed lemur populations and habitats, and misused the literature. We disagree,...
Source: Folia Primatologica - July 25, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
A Behavioural Case Study of Early Social Isolation of a Subadult White-Handed Gibbon ( < b > < i > Hylobates lar < /i > < /b > )
We presented the gibbon with a series of species-specific vocalisations, and we then introduced a 23-year-old conspecific female into his cage. Our subject did not respond to playbacks, whereas he immediately interacted positively with the conspecific female. After 2 days of presentation, the pair started to spend time in proximity to each other and initiated grooming through the wire-mesh dividing the cages. Four days later we recorded vocal duets. No obvious ste reotypic behaviours were observed, and the prolonged isolation did not seem to compromise the ability of the young gibbon to socialise with the female conspeci...
Source: Folia Primatologica - June 6, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Morphological Identification of Hair Recovered from Feces for Detection of Cannibalism in Eastern Chimpanzees
Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) are primarily frugivorous but consume a variable amount of meat from a variety of organisms, including other chimpanzees. Cannibalism is rare, usually follows lethal aggression, and does not occur following natural deaths. While chimpanzee cannibalism has been documented at multiple sites, many instances of this behavior go unrecorded. Identification of chimpanzee remains in feces, however, can provide indirect evidence of cannibalism. Hair, in particular, typically passes through the gastrointestinal tract undamaged and is commonly used for purposes of identification in wildlife forensics. He...
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 29, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Book Review
Folia Primatol 2018;89:251-257 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 29, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Copulatory and Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Primates
Many aspects of primate reproductive anatomy and physiology have been influenced by copulatory and postcopulatory sexual selection, especially so in taxa where multiple-partner matings by females result in the sperm of rival males competing for access to a given set of ova (sperm competition). However, the female reproductive system also exerts profound effects upon sperm survival, storage and transport, raising the possibility that female traits influence male reproductive success (via cryptic female choice). Current knowledge of sperm competition and cryptic choice in primates and other mammals is reviewed here. The rele...
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 29, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
6th Iberian Primatological Congress
Folia Primatol 2018;89:165 –215 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Abnormal Repetitive Behaviours of Confiscated Slow Loris ( < b > < i > Nycticebus < /i > < /b > spp.) in Thailand
The illegal wildlife trade, especially of live animals, is a major threat to slow lorises. Large numbers of confiscated slow lorises are sent to rescue facilities. We aimed to describe the occurrence and types of abnormal repetitive behaviours (ARBs) in 36 confiscated Bengal slow lorises (Nycticebus bengalensis), and examined factors influencing the occurrence of ARBs. We recorded behaviours of the slow lorises using instantaneous scans every 5 min from 19: 00 to 06: 00 h, and observed 6 types of ARBs in 14 (38.9%) individuals. Each individual exhibited 1 type of ARB. The most prevalent ARBs were pacing, rocking and up-dow...
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Sex-Typed Social Development in < b > < i > Lemur catta < /i > < /b >
Strong chemical control of strepsirrhine mating behaviour when compared to haplorhines might suggest that strepsirrhine behavioural development, generally, is under stronger somatic control. A comparative lack of reported behavioural sex differences in immature strepsirrhines would seem to support this hypothesis, but the recent discovery of sex differences in juvenile foraging behaviour inLemur catta suggests that this difference might be an artefact of undersampling in strepsirrhines. Here, I document in wildL. catta the temporal development of a wider repertoire of social behaviours than have been studied in captivity o...
Source: Folia Primatologica - May 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Author / Subject Index Vol.89, No. 1, 2018
Folia Primatol 2018;89:97 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - April 10, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Understanding Human-Animal Relations in the Context of Primate Conservation: A Multispecies Ethnographic Approach in North Morocco
Strategies for conserving species threatened with extinction are often driven by ecological data. However, in anthropogenic landscapes, understanding and incorporating local people's perceptions may enhance species conservation. We examine the relationships shepherds, living on the periphery of the mixed oak forest of Bouhachem in northern Morocco, have with animals in the context of a conservation project for Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus). We analyse ethnographic data to provide insights into shepherds' conceptions of Barbary macaques and the species which bring the shepherds into the forest - goats (Capra hircus), d...
Source: Folia Primatologica - April 9, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Author / Subject Index
Folia Primatol 2018;89:97 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - April 9, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
