Space Use by Eastern Hoolock Gibbons ( < b > < i > Hoolock leuconedys < /i > < /b > ) in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, Southwest Yunnan, China
To understand the differences in space use by eastern hoolock gibbons (Hoolock leuconedys) for meeting different behavioural needs and adapting to a disturbed environment, an eastern hoolock gibbon family in Nankang, Mt. Gaoligong, China, was observed, and data on their behaviour, spatial position and substrate use were collected through instantaneous scanning from October 2, 2010, to September 15, 2011. Our results suggested that connectivity was a primary factor influencing the movements of eastern hoolock gibbons. However, there were differences between spatial location and substrate use with different behaviours. Sitti...
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Wild Chimpanzees Show a Decrease in Pant Grunting over Their First 6 Years of Life
Data from a large cross-sectional sample of wild chimpanzee mother-infant dyads yield evidence that young chimpanzees ’ pant grunting unfolds nonlinearly over the early developmental period. Though infants begin pant grunting early, and mothers’ rates did not decrease, infant pant grunting declined as infants aged through infancy. Mother-infant dyadic pant grunting discordance therefore increased over infancy, with some discordance observed at even the earliest ages. In half of 90 observed instances involving infants ranging in age from 2 weeks to 69 months, only one member of the mother-infant dyad pant grunted; infan...
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Assessing Public Perceptions and Solutions to Human-Monkey Conflict from 50 Years in Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka is a biodiversity hotspot with high human density that contributes to increasing human-monkey conflict (HMC). In 50 years of primate studies there, the development of HMC has been documented, and many workshops and interventions organized to ameliorate HMC. These activities prompted the present survey. In the extensive lowland dry zone of Sri Lanka, the affected nonhuman primates are the toque macaque, gray and purple-faced langurs and slender loris. We surveyed and evaluated the attitudes of rural residents towards these four species in an effort to contribute to an ethnoprimatological approach to conservation, ...
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Activity Patterns of Captive Philippine Tarsiers ( < b > < i > Tarsius syrichta < /i > < /b > ): Differences Related to Sex and Social Context
Among tarsiers, nocturnal, obligatory faunivorous primates inhabiting islands of South-East Asia, the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius [=Carlito]syrichta) is one of the least studied. To date, activity patterns of this threatened species have not been the subject of any investigation. In the present study, we provide the first quantitative data on how captive male and femaleT. syrichta apportion their time for various activities in two social contexts: solitary and paired. We found that the sexes do not differ in activity budgets during the non-mating season, both spending most of their time scanning, resting, foraging and trav...
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Informing Protection Efforts for Critically Endangered Chimpanzees ( < b > < i > Pan troglodytes verus < /i > < /b > ) and Sympatric Mammals amidst Rapid Growth of Extractive Industries in Senegal
Updated information on Critically Endangered western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus) in Senegal is urgently needed, given that gold mining is rapidly transforming landscapes and livelihoods. Specifically, biodiversity assessments will better elucidate the chimpanzee extinction risk here and yield baselines for monitoring. We compared mammal species richness between Fongoli (unprotected) and Assirik in Niokolo-Koba National Park to assess the efficacy of the only nationally protected area where chimpanzees range in this country. The primary habitat difference between these sites was the degree of human activity. Althoug...
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Title Page/Table of Contents
Folia Primatol 2019;90:1 –2 (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - March 8, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Bili-U éré: A Chimpanzee Behavioural Realm in Northern Democratic Republic of Congo
We describe a new chimpanzee tool kit: long probes used to harvest epigaeic driver ants (Dorylus spp.), short probes used to extract ponerine ants and the arboreal nests of stingless bees, wands to dip forD. kohli and stout digging sticks used to access underground meliponine bee nests. EpigaeicDorylus tools were significantly longer than the other tool types, andD. kohli tools were significantly thinner. Tools classified as terrestrial honey-digging sticks were a significant predictor for brushed and blunted tool ends, consistent with their presumed use. We describe two potential new tool types, an “ant scoop” and a ...
Source: Folia Primatologica - February 22, 2019 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Contents Vol. 89, 2018
Folia Primatol 2018;89:I –IV (Source: Folia Primatologica)
Source: Folia Primatologica - November 16, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Within-Population Variations in Home Range Use and Food Patch Use of Japanese Macaques: A Perspective of Intergroup Hostility
Behavioral mechanisms of intergroup feeding competition remain unclear, despite its importance as a benefit of group living. Japanese macaques in the coastal and highland forests of Yakushima, Japan, are ideal study subjects because the intensity of intergroup feeding competition differs without phylogenetic effects. We aimed to test whether macaques modify home range use and food patch use in response to the location-specific risk of intergroup encounters. Using behavioral data from 3 groups, we examined the border avoidance and the effects of food patch location on food patch use. All 3 groups used the border less freque...
Source: Folia Primatologica - November 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Validation of a Noninvasive Hair Trapping Method for Extractive-Foraging Primates
Hair is a useful source of biological information. For example, the bulb can be a source of high-quality genetic material, whereas the shaft can be useful for measuring heavy metals and some hormones, such as cortisol. The stable isotope composition of hair is another valuable source of biological information. Consequently, noninvasive methods of hair sampling have become important research tools. Several hair-trapping methods have been developed for use on mammals, but these are rarely deployed on primates in part because their travel patterns can be difficult to predict and because many species are averse to novel object...
Source: Folia Primatologica - November 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Stay Gathered Rather than Scattered: Strategies of Common Marmosets during Agonistic Interactions with Birds in the Atlantic Rain Forest
To reduce the vulnerability of their small body size, common marmosets live in large and cohesive social groups. Thus, we hypothesized that in order to compensate for small body size and predation risk, individuals of common marmosets will stay gathered rather than scattered when foraging for eggs and/or nestling birds. Furthermore, in order to avoid costly injuries and eventual predation risks, for both sides, the majority of interactions among common marmosets and small birds will not involve direct physical contact. The study was developed in a small fragment of Atlantic Forest in the northeast of Brazil. We recorded a ...
Source: Folia Primatologica - October 5, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Population Genetic Structure of an Endangered Endemic Primate ( < b > < i > Leontopithecus chrysomelas < /i > < /b > ) in a Highly Fragmented Atlantic Coastal Rain Forest
This study evaluated the genetic structure of wild populations of the endangered primate,Leontopithecus chrysomelas. We tested the assumption that populations of L. chrysomelas, given their larger population size and a higher degree of habitat continuity, would have higher genetic diversity and less genetic structuring than other lion tamarins. We used 11 microsatellites and 122 hair samples from different locations to assess their genetic diversity and genetic structure, and to make inferences about the isolation by distance. The overall expected heterozygosity (0.51 ± 0.03) and the average number of alleles (3.6 ± 0.2)...
Source: Folia Primatologica - October 5, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Energy (Im-)Balance in Frugivorous Lemurs in Southern Madagascar: A Preliminary Study in < b > < i > Lemur catta < /i > < /b > and < b > < i > Eulemur rufifrons × collaris < /i > < /b >
The reproductive cycle of several lemur species is synchronized by photoperiodic changes and it is attuned to the seasonal fluctuations in food supply. Nevertheless, irregular periods of food shortage occur in Madagascar, which can result in a negative energy balance and reduced fitness, especially in frugivorous species. Here, we tested whether ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and brown lemurs (Eulemur rufifrons × collaris) use fat stores to maintain their energy balance in a gallery forest of Madagascar (Berenty Reserve). We assessed the energy intake from weight-based estimates of food intake (mouthful count) and macro...
Source: Folia Primatologica - October 5, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effect of Provisioning on the Temporal Variation in the Activity Budget of Urban Long-Tailed Macaques ( < b > < i > Macaca fascicularis < /i > < /b > ) in West Sumatra, Indonesia
We studied the behavioral ecology of provisioned long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, to examine how temporal changes in food provisioning within a day affect macaque activity. We conducted a field survey from October 2015 to January 2016 at two different sites: Gunung Meru (GM) and Gunung Padang (GP), where macaques receive high and low provisioning, respectively. The time budgets of macaques significantly differed between study groups. At GM, macaques spent more time resting, feeding, acting out agonistic behaviors, and less time moving and searching for food, than the macaques a...
Source: Folia Primatologica - September 11, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Predation Attacks on Wild Spider Monkeys ( < b > < i > Ateles geoffroyi < /i > < /b > )
We report 2 cases of predation on an adult and a subadult spider monkey (Ateles geoffroyi) by a puma (Puma concolor) and an unidentified terrestrial predator at the natural protected area of Otoch Ma ’ax yetel Kooh, in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Although spider monkeys are believed to experience overall low predation pressure compared to other primate species, our observations show that predation occurs in the study area and therefore behavioral strategies are likely to be in place to redu ce predation risk. Our observations are further evidence that terrestrial predators are a threat for both young and full-grown sp...
Source: Folia Primatologica - September 7, 2018 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
