Tbx15 Defines a Glycolytic Subpopulation and White Adipocyte Heterogeneity
Tbx15 is a member of the T-box gene family of mesodermal developmental genes. We have recently shown that Tbx15 plays a critical role in the formation and metabolic programming of glycolytic myofibers in skeletal muscle. Tbx15 is also differentially expressed among white adipose tissue (WAT) in different body depots. In the current study, using three independent methods, we show that even within a single WAT depot, high Tbx15 expression is restricted to a subset of preadipocytes and mature white adipocytes. Gene expression and metabolic profiling demonstrate that the Tbx15Hi preadipocyte and adipocyte subpopulations of cel...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lee, K. Y.; Sharma, R.; Gase, G.; Ussar, S.; Li, Y.; Welch, L.; Berryman, D. E.; Kispert, A.; Bluher, M.; Kahn, C. R. Tags: Obesity-Human Obesity Studies Source Type: research
Endothelial SHIP2 Suppresses Nox2 NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Vascular Oxidative Stress, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Systemic Insulin Resistance
Shc homology 2–containing inositol 5' phosphatase-2 (SHIP2) is a lipid phosphatase that inhibits insulin signaling downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); its role in vascular function is poorly understood. To examine its role in endothelial cell (EC) biology, we generated mice with catalytic inactivation of one SHIP2 allele selectively in ECs (ECSHIP2/+). Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping studies revealed that ECSHIP2/+ was resistant to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle compared with littermate controls. ECs from ECSHIP2/+ mice had increased basal expression and a...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Watt, N. T.; Gage, M. C.; Patel, P. A.; Viswambharan, H.; Sukumar, P.; Galloway, S.; Yuldasheva, N. Y.; Imrie, H.; Walker, A. M. N.; Griffin, K. J.; Makava, N.; Skromna, A.; Bridge, K.; Beech, D. J.; Schurmans, S.; Wheatcroft, S. B.; Kearney, M. T.; Cubbo Tags: Insulin Action-Signal Transduction, Insulin, and Other Hormones Source Type: research
Hypoxia in Combination With Muscle Contraction Improves Insulin Action and Glucose Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle via the HIF-1{alpha} Pathway
In conclusion, we are the first to demonstrate that HIF-1α is a key regulator of glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle by directly controlling the transcription of RAB20 and TXNIP. These results hint toward a novel function of HIF-1α as a potential pharmacological target to improve skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. (Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Görgens, S. W.; Benninghoff, T.; Eckardt, K.; Springer, C.; Chadt, A.; Melior, A.; Wefers, J.; Cramer, A.; Jensen, J.; Birkeland, K. I.; Drevon, C. A.; Al-Hasani, H.; Eckel, J. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Muscle Metabolism Source Type: research
Hepatic GALE Regulates Whole-Body Glucose Homeostasis by Modulating Tff3 Expression
Transcripts of key enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism in mouse livers are significantly increased after chronic high-fat/high-sucrose feeding. UDP-galactose-4-epimerase (GALE) is the last enzyme in this pathway that converts UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose and was previously identified as a downstream target of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress effector spliced X-box binding protein 1, suggesting an interesting cross talk between galactose and glucose metabolism in the context of hepatic ER stress and whole-body metabolic fitness. However, its specific role in glucose metabolism is not established. Usin...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhu, Y.; Zhao, S.; Deng, Y.; Gordillo, R.; Ghaben, A. L.; Shao, M.; Zhang, F.; Xu, P.; Li, Y.; Cao, H.; Zagnitko, O.; Scott, D. A.; Gupta, R. K.; Xing, C.; Zhang, B. B.; Lin, H. V.; Scherer, P. E. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Liver Metabolism Source Type: research
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Mediates Systemic Glucose Regulatory Action of T-Helper Type 2 Cytokines
T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-13 and IL-4, produced in adipose tissue, are critical regulators of intra-adipose and systemic lipid and glucose metabolism. Furthermore, IL-13 is a potential therapy for insulin resistance in obese mouse models. Here, we examined mediators produced by adipocytes that are responsible for regulating systemic glucose homeostasis in response to Th2 cytokines. We used RNA sequencing data analysis of cultured adipocytes to screen factors secreted in response to recombinant IL-13. Recombinant IL-13 induced expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) via the J...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Lee, S. E.; Kang, S. G.; Choi, M. J.; Jung, S.-B.; Ryu, M. J.; Chung, H. K.; Chang, J. Y.; Kim, Y. K.; Lee, J. H.; Kim, K. S.; Kim, H. J.; Lee, H. K.; Yi, H.-S.; Shong, M. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Other Hormones Metabolism Source Type: research
Opioid Receptor Activation Impairs Hypoglycemic Counterregulation in Humans
Although intensive glycemic control improves outcomes in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), iatrogenic hypoglycemia limits its attainment. Recurrent and/or antecedent hypoglycemia causes blunting of protective counterregulatory responses, known as hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF). To determine whether and how opioid receptor activation induces HAAF in humans, 12 healthy subjects without diabetes (7 men, age 32.3 ± 2.2 years, BMI 25.1 ± 1.0 kg/m2) participated in two study protocols in random order over two consecutive days. On day 1, subjects received two 120-min infusions of either saline or mo...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Carey, M.; Gospin, R.; Goyal, A.; Tomuta, N.; Sandu, O.; Mbanya, A.; Lontchi-Yimagou, E.; Hulkower, R.; Shamoon, H.; Gabriely, I.; Hawkins, M. Tags: Complications-Hypoglycemia Metabolism Source Type: research
Downregulation of Insulin Sensitivity After Oral Glucose Administration: Evidence for the Anti-Incretin Effect
This study demonstrates an anti-incretin effect of intestinal glucose stimulation, which downregulates insulin sensitivity. The findings support a new model for how foodborne factors can induce insulin-resistance and provide a possible explanation for the improvement of insulin resistance/diabetes after gastrointestinal bypass surgery. (Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Salinari, S.; Mingrone, G.; Bertuzzi, A.; Previti, E.; Capristo, E.; Rubino, F. Tags: Insulin Action-Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Source Type: research
Fatty Acid Metabolic Remodeling During Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Bariatric Surgery
In conclusion, T2D remission after DS is mainly associated with greater circulating TG disposal, lower systemic lipolysis, and better fatty acid handling by lean tissues. (Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Grenier-Larouche, T.; Carreau, A.-M.; Geloën, A.; Frisch, F.; Biertho, L.; Marceau, S.; Lebel, S.; Hould, F.-S.; Richard, D.; Tchernof, A.; Carpentier, A. C. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Macronutrient Metabolism and Food Intake Source Type: research
Give GWAS a Chance
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Meyre, D. Tags: Genetics-Type 2 Diabetes Commentaries Source Type: research
Area IV Knockout Reveals How Pdx1 Is Regulated in Postnatal {beta}-Cell Development
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cox, A. R.; Kushner, J. A. Tags: Islet Biology-Beta Cell-Development and Postnatal Growth Commentaries Source Type: research
The Gastrointestinal Tract as an Integrator of Mechanical and Hormonal Response to Nutrient Ingestion
Glucose tolerance after meal ingestion in vivo is the result of multiple processes that occur in parallel. Insulin secretion together with reciprocal inhibition of glucagon secretion contributes to glucose tolerance. However, other factors beyond glucose effectiveness and insulin action require consideration. The absorption of ingested nutrients and their subsequent systemic rate of appearance largely depend on the rate of delivery of nutrients to the proximal small intestine. This is determined by the integrated response of the upper gastrointestinal tract to a meal. While gastric emptying is probably the most significant...
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vella, A.; Camilleri, M. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Macronutrient Metabolism and Food Intake Perspectives in Diabetes Source Type: research
In This Issue of Diabetes
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - October 23, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research
Issues and Events
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - August 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Issues and Events Source Type: research
Erratum. Loss of Mbd2 Protects Mice Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance by Regulating the Homeostasis of Energy Storage and Expenditure. Diabetes 2016;65:3384-3395
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - August 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cheng, J.; Song, J.; He, X.; Zhang, M.; Hu, S.; Zhang, S.; Yu, Q.; Yang, P.; Xiong, F.; Wang, D. W.; Zhou, J.; Ning, Q.; Chen, Z.; Eizirik, D. L.; Zhou, Z.; Zhao, C.; Wang, C.-Y. Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Erratum. National Institutes of Health-Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial: Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities. Diabetes 2016;65:3418-3428
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - August 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ricordi, C.; Goldstein, J. S.; Balamurugan, A. N.; Szot, G. L.; Kin, T.; Liu, C.; Czarniecki, C. W.; Barbaro, B.; Bridges, N. D.; Cano, J.; Clarke, W. R.; Eggerman, T. L.; Hunsicker, L. G.; Kaufman, D. B.; Khan, A.; Lafontant, D.-E.; Linetsky, E.; Luo, X. Tags: Errata Source Type: research
