NFE2 Induces miR-423-5p to Promote Gluconeogenesis and Hyperglycemia by Repressing the Hepatic FAM3A-ATP-Akt Pathway
In conclusion, under the obese condition, activation of the hepatic NFE2/miR-423-5p axis plays important roles in the progression of type 2 diabetes and NAFLD by repressing the FAM3A-ATP-Akt signaling pathway. (Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yang, W.; Wang, J.; Chen, Z.; Chen, J.; Meng, Y.; Chen, L.; Chang, Y.; Geng, B.; Sun, L.; Dou, L.; Li, J.; Guan, Y.; Cui, Q.; Yang, J. Tags: Integrated Physiology-Liver Metabolism Source Type: research
Altered miR-29 Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Influences Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle
MicroRNAs have emerged as important regulators of glucose and lipid metabolism in several tissues; however, their role in skeletal muscle remains poorly characterized. We determined the effects of the miR-29 family on glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle. We provide evidence that miR-29a and miR-29c are increased in skeletal muscle from patients with type 2 diabetes and are decreased following endurance training in healthy young men and in rats. In primary human skeletal muscle cells, inhibition and overexpression strategies demonstrate that miR-29a and miR-29c regulate glucos...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Massart, J.; Sjögren, R. J. O.; Lundell, L. S.; Mudry, J. M.; Franck, N.; OGorman, D. J.; Egan, B.; Zierath, J. R.; Krook, A. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research
Hypothalamic and Striatal Insulin Action Suppresses Endogenous Glucose Production and May Stimulate Glucose Uptake During Hyperinsulinemia in Lean but Not in Overweight Men
Intranasal spray application facilitates insulin delivery to the human brain. Although brain insulin modulates peripheral metabolism, the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Twenty-one men underwent two hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with d-[6,6-2H2]glucose infusion to measure endogenous glucose production and glucose disappearance. On two separate days, participants received intranasal insulin or placebo. Insulin spillover into circulation after intranasal insulin application was mimicked by an intravenous insulin bolus on placebo day. On a different day, brain insulin sensitivity was assessed by functional MRI. Gluco...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Heni, M.; Wagner, R.; Kullmann, S.; Gancheva, S.; Roden, M.; Peter, A.; Stefan, N.; Preissl, H.; Häring, H.-U.; Fritsche, A. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research
Longitudinal Associations Between Ambient Air Pollution With Insulin Sensitivity, {beta}-Cell Function, and Adiposity in Los Angeles Latino Children
The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to elevated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 (PM2.5) had adverse effects on longitudinal measures of insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell function, and obesity in children at high risk for developing diabetes. Overweight and obese Latino children (8–15 years; n = 314) were enrolled between 2001 and 2012 from Los Angeles, CA, and followed for an average of 3.4 years (SD 3.1 years). Linear mixed-effects models were fitted to assess relationships between AAP exposure and outcomes after adjustin...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Alderete, T. L.; Habre, R.; Toledo-Corral, C. M.; Berhane, K.; Chen, Z.; Lurmann, F. W.; Weigensberg, M. J.; Goran, M. I.; Gilliland, F. D. Tags: Metabolism Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Neurography Visualizes Abnormalities in Sciatic and Tibial Nerves in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Neuropathy
In conclusion, DTI-MRN enables detection in peripheral nerves of abnormalities related to DPN, more so than proton spin density or T2 relaxation time. These abnormalities are likely to reflect pathology in sciatic and tibial nerve fibers. (Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vaeggemose, M.; Pham, M.; Ringgaard, S.; Tankisi, H.; Ejskjaer, N.; Heiland, S.; Poulsen, P. L.; Andersen, H. Tags: Complications-Neuropathy Technological Advances Source Type: research
Mining the Genome for Therapeutic Targets
Current pharmacological options for type 2 diabetes do not cure the disease. Despite the availability of multiple drug classes that modulate glycemia effectively and minimize long-term complications, these agents do not reverse pathogenesis, and in practice they are not selected to correct the molecular profile specific to the patient. Pharmaceutical companies find drug development programs increasingly costly and burdensome, and many promising compounds fail before launch to market. Human genetics can help advance the therapeutic enterprise. Genomic discovery that is agnostic to preexisting knowledge has uncovered dozens ...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Florez, J. C. Tags: Diabetes Symposium 2017 Diabetes Symposium: Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action Source Type: research
Single-Molecule Combinatorial Therapeutics for Treating Obesity and Diabetes
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tschöp, M.; DiMarchi, R. Tags: Obesity-Human, Diabetes Symposium 2017 Diabetes Symposium: Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action Source Type: research
How Should We Think About the Role of the Brain in Glucose Homeostasis and Diabetes?
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Deem, J. D.; Muta, K.; Scarlett, J. M.; Morton, G. J.; Schwartz, M. W. Tags: Diabetes Symposium 2017 Diabetes Symposium: Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Mechanisms of Action Source Type: research
Ambient Air Pollution and Type 2 Diabetes: Do the Metabolic Effects of Air Pollution Start Early in Life?
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Park, S. K. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research
Islet Encapsulation: Physiological Possibilities and Limitations
A logical cure for type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves replacing the lost insulin-producing cells with new ones, preferably cells from a well-characterized and unlimited source of human insulin-producing cells. This straightforward and simple solution to provide a cure for T1D is immensely attractive but entails at least two inherent and thus far unresolved hurdles: 1) provision of an unlimited source of functional human insulin-producing cells and 2) prevention of rejection without the side effects of systemic immunosuppression. Generation of transplantable insulin-producing cells from human embryonic stem cells or induced plu...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Korsgren, O. Tags: Perspectives in Diabetes Source Type: research
Indirect Regulation of Endogenous Glucose Production by Insulin: The Single Gateway Hypothesis Revisited
On the basis of studies that investigated the intraportal versus systemic insulin infusion and transendothelial transport of insulin, we proposed the "single gateway hypothesis," which supposes an indirect regulation of hepatic glucose production by insulin; the rate-limiting transport of insulin across the adipose tissue capillaries is responsible for the slow suppression of free fatty acids (FFAs), which in turn is responsible for delayed suppression of hepatic endogenous glucose production (EGP) during insulin infusion. Preventing the fall in plasma FFAs during insulin infusion either by administering intralipids or by ...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bergman, R. N.; Iyer, M. S. Tags: Perspectives in Diabetes Source Type: research
We Know More Than We Can Tell About Diabetes and Vascular Disease: The 2016 Edwin Bierman Award Lecture
The Edwin Bierman Award Lecture is presented in honor of the memory of Edwin L. Bierman, MD, an exemplary scientist, mentor, and leader in the field of diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and atherosclerosis. The award and lecture recognizes a leading scientist in the field of macrovascular complications and contributing risk factors in diabetes. Clay F. Semenkovich, MD, the Irene E. and Michael M. Karl Professor and Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, received the prestigious award at the American Diabetes Association...
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Semenkovich, C. F. Tags: Scientific Achievement Award Lecture Source Type: research
In This Issue of Diabetes
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - June 21, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Tags: In This Issue Source Type: research
Issues and Events
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - May 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Tags: Issues and Events Source Type: research
Statement of Retraction. Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Regulates {beta}-Cell Survival and Function in Human Pancreatic Islets. Diabetes 2008;57:645-653. DOI: 10.2337/db07-0847; and erratum. Diabetes 2014:63:3974. DOI: 10.2337/db14-er11
(Source: Diabetes)
Source: Diabetes - May 22, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Shu, L.; Sauter, N. S.; Schulthess, F. T.; Matveyenko, A. V.; Oberholzer, J.; Maedler, K. Tags: Statement of Retraction Source Type: research
