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Human papilloma virus-related oropharyngeal cancer: opportunities and challenges in dysphagia management
Purpose of review: Human papilloma virus (HPV) has emerged as the most common cause of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) compared with traditional causes of excess alcohol and tobacco use. In this article, we will discuss HPV-related OPC and the challenges and opportunities presented in dysphagia management relative to efforts to de-escalate treatment and improve outcomes. Recent findings: It is becoming increasingly apparent that patients with HPV-positive disease appear to respond favourably to chemoradiation. Targeted chemoradiation is associated with severe early and late toxicities related to swallow function. Research is in...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - September 11, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: SPEECH THERAPY AND REHABILITATION: Edited by H. Fiona Robinson Source Type: research

Scapular tip free flap in head and neck reconstruction
This article revises the present literature on the scapular tip free flap in head and neck reconstruction. Recent findings: Scapular tip flap has been recently proposed as a good option for reconstruction of multiple areas of the head and neck including maxilla, mandible, scalp, and larynx. Summary: This flap offers unique advantages such as the long pedicle, the possibility of harvesting chimeric flaps with multiple components, the reliability of the anatomy, and the good amount of bone that can be included in the flap. For these reasons, it is particularly useful in elderly patients or in reconstruction of those defects ...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - September 11, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: HEAD AND NECK ONCOLOGY: Edited by Piero Nicolai and Cesare Piazza Source Type: research

Treatment of dysphonia in older people: the role of the speech therapist
Purpose of review: This review addresses speech therapy interventions for older adults experiencing voice impairments. The prevalence, impact, and nature of voice impairments in older people are outlined. Intervention methods and their effectiveness are discussed, with particular focus on behavioral treatments for presbyphonia. The strength of current evidence is discussed and recommendations for future research are presented. Recent findings: There has been a substantial increase in the number of older people seeking voice management over the last 10–20 years. Reduced vocal effectiveness in older people is likely to be ...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - September 11, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: LARYNGOLOGY AND BRONCHOESOPHAGOLOGY: Edited by Jacqui E. Allen Source Type: research

Treatment of dysphonia in older people: the role of the speech therapist
Purpose of reviewThis review addresses speech therapy interventions for older adults experiencing voice impairments. The prevalence, impact, and nature of voice impairments in older people are outlined. Intervention methods and their effectiveness are discussed, with particular focus on behavioral treatments for presbyphonia. The strength of current evidence is discussed and recommendations for future research are presented. Recent findingsThere has been a substantial increase in the number of older people seeking voice management over the last 10–20 years. Reduced vocal effectiveness in older people is likely to be mult...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - September 11, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: LARYNGOLOGY AND BRONCHOESOPHAGOLOGY: Edited by Jacqui E. Allen Source Type: research

The Lasker–DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - September 11, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: OTOLOGY AND NEURO-OTOLOGY: Edited by Ravi N. Samy Source Type: research

Sarcopenia and its impact in head and neck cancer treatment
Purpose of review The aim of this review is to discuss recent studies on the assessment of sarcopenia and its predictive and prognostic value in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Recent findings There is increasing evidence that low skeletal muscle mass (SMM), often named sarcopenia, can easily be assessed on cross-sectional imaging of the head and neck and is associated with chemotherapy (dose limiting) and radiotherapy toxicity and survival. Summary SMM measurement at the level of the third cervical vertebra (C3) on routine computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is easy and robust to perf...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: HEAD AND NECK ONCOLOGY: Edited by Cesare Piazza and Alberto Paderno Source Type: research

Refractory epistaxis and Stamm's S-point
Purpose of review Ethmoidal arteries are gaining increasing importance as the main source of severe refractory epistaxis. In this direction, Stamm's S-point, a specific bleeding point in the upper nasal septum, around the projection of the axilla of middle turbinate, posterior to the septal body, was recently described. The aim of this review was to present recent data on S-point and its role in severe refractory epistaxis. Recent findings Due to the hidden location posterior to the septal body, S-point is not easily identified by anterior rhinoscopy. When systematic endoscopic assessment was performed in severe...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES: Edited by Nithin D. Adappa and Edward C. Kuan Source Type: research

Optical coherence tomography: current and future clinical applications in otology
This article reviews literature on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in otology and provides the reader with a timely update on its current clinical and research applications. The discussion focuses on the principles of OCT, the use of the technology for the diagnosis of middle ear disease and for the delineation of in-vivo cochlear microarchitecture and function. Recent findings Recent advances in OCT include the measurement of structural and vibratory properties of the tympanic membrane, ossicles and inner ear in healthy and diseased states. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of middle ear disease, such as ot...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: OTOLOGY AND NEURO-OTOLOGY: Edited by Ravi N. Samy and Nael Shoman Source Type: research

Changing paradigms in the treatment of residual/recurrent head and neck cancer: implications for dysphagia management
We report on the management of dysphagia in the context of residual/recurrent or new disease in a preirradiated field and make suggestions for future research. Recent findings There have been numerous developments in treatment options for people with residual/recurrent head and neck cancer. This is because of improved surgical interventions including microvascular reconstruction techniques and transoral robotic surgery. In the era of highly conformal radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), there may be opportunities for re-irradiation. These advancements are now increasingly employed in...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: SPEECH THERAPY AND REHABILITATION: Edited by H. Fiona Robinson and Jo Patterson Source Type: research

Update on long-term outcomes for chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis
This article reviews the existing body of literature regarding long-term outcomes of various treatments for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in the cystic fibrosis population. Recent findings The management of CRS in cystic fibrosis involves a multitude of medical and surgical therapies. Despite their high usage amongst clinicians, corticosteroids and antibiotics currently have little outcome data supporting their use. There is emerging evidence demonstrating beneficial outcomes for DNAse mucolytics and molecular modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductor regulator (CFTR). Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) improves ...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES: Edited by Samuel S. Becker and Nithin D. Adappa Source Type: research

Challenges in the delivery of surgical care for head and neck cancer patients in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and China
This article aims to explore the ethical dilemmas faced by head and neck surgeons in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) and China in the provision of safe, oncological sound and timely care for head and neck cancer patients. Recent findings There is no literature, in particular, in relation to the treatment of head and neck cancer patients and priority setting in head and neck surgery. However, through examining the healthcare provision and sociocultural backgrounds of the HKSAR and China, certain aspects, such as traditional Chinese medicine and medical guan xi (Seeking medical care for personal connec...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: DEVELOPING WORLD PERSPECTIVES IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY: Edited by Johannes J. Fagan Source Type: research

Management of sphenoid lateral recess encephalocoeles
Purpose of review Sphenoid sinus lateral recess encephalocoeles (SSLRE) are rare occurrences and pose unique challenges due to limited surgical access for endoscopic endonasal repair and also the lack of consensus on optimal perioperative managements specifically in the spontaneous cases, which are also believed to be a variant of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Endoscopic endonasal approaches have largely replaced the transcranial route and the techniques are continuously being refined to reduce the neurovascular morbidity and improve outcome. Recent findings Transpetrygoid is the most utilized approach w...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES: Edited by Samuel S. Becker and Nithin D. Adappa Source Type: research

Facial nerve decompression
This article will review the relevant literature on facial nerve decompression. Recent findings The middle cranial fossa approach provides access to the primary site of lesion in Bell's palsy while preserving hearing. Patients with complete facial paralysis secondary to Bell's palsy or temporal bone trauma, more than 90% degeneration on electroneurography testing, and absent voluntary electromyography within 14 days of onset may benefit from facial nerve decompression. Facial nerve decompression may prevent future occurrences of recurrent forms of facial nerve paralysis. The return of facial nerve function following dec...
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: OTOLOGY AND NEURO-OTOLOGY: Edited by Ravi N. Samy Source Type: research

Vocal tremor: where are we at?
Purpose of review Vocal tremor in movement disorders is often overlooked, although it has a significant impact on quality of life. Careful observation of tremor phenomenology allows for accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment. Recent findings The central pathways associated with various vocal tremor-associated diseases have been further elucidated. Summary Patients are likely to benefit from a combination of medical and interventional treatments delivered within a multidisciplinary setting (Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery)
Source: Current Opinion in Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery - July 22, 2014 Category: ENT & OMF Tags: LARYNGOLOGY AND BRONCHOESOPHAGOLOGY: Edited by Jacqui E. Allen Source Type: research