G-Estimation of Structural Nested Models: Recent Applications in Two Subfields of Epidemiology
Abstract
Correct adjustment for time-varying confounding affected by prior exposure is often not straightforward. G-estimation of structural nested models is a method of data analysis that allows for estimation of the combined effects of exposures that vary over time in a longitudinal cohort study. The method has not been widely adopted, but its use has increased in recent years, particularly in two subfields of epidemiology. Pharmacoepidemiologists have explored its applications to randomized trials with non-adherence or treatment switching and to finding optimal dynamic treatment regimens. Occupational ...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - June 29, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Variability in Cancer Risk and Outcomes Within US Latinos by National Origin and Genetic Ancestry
Abstract
Latinos have lower rates for most common cancer sites and higher rates of some less common cancers (gallbladder, liver, gastric, and cervical) than other ethnic/racial groups. Latinos are a highly heterogeneous population with diverse national origins, unique genetic admixture patterns, and wide spectrum of socio-demographic characteristics. Across the major cancers (breast, colorectal, prostate, lung, and liver) US-born Latinos have higher incidence and worse survival than foreign-born, and those with low-socioeconomic status have the lowest incidence. Puerto Rican and Cuban Latinos have higher ...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - June 29, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Women ’s Reproductive Health Outcomes: Epidemiological Examples Across the Life Course
< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Disparities in women ’s reproductive health outcomes across the life course have been well-documented. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may be one factor driving disparities, as studies suggest exposure to certain environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as certain phthalates, bisphenol A, parabens, and polybr ominated diphenyl ethers, is higher in non-Whites. Yet, a limited amount of research has focused on these chemical exposures as a potential mediator of racial/ethnic differences in women’s reproductive health outcomes, such as pub...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - May 31, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Changing Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Disease in the Era of Conjugate Vaccines
Abstract
Pneumococcal disease is a major cause of illness and death in the young, the elderly, and those with certain medical conditions. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are changing both the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease and disease burden. Conjugate vaccines were first licensed in 2000 for use in young children; second generation conjugates covering more serotypes became available in 2009 and are now part of the routine infant immunization programs of most countries around the world. When part of a routine program, conjugate vaccines not only prevent disease in the targeted age group but also in ...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - April 13, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Women’s Reproductive Health Outcomes: Epidemiological Examples Across the Life Course
Abstract
Disparities in women’s reproductive health outcomes across the life course have been well-documented. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may be one factor driving disparities, as studies suggest exposure to certain environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as certain phthalates, bisphenol A, parabens, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers, is higher in non-Whites. Yet, a limited amount of research has focused on these chemical exposures as a potential mediator of racial/ethnic differences in women’s reproductive health outcomes, such as pubertal development, fibroids, infertility, and pregn...
Source: Current Epidemiology Reports - March 30, 2016 Category: Epidemiology Source Type: research
