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Review of Pharmacologic Sleep Agents for Critically Ill Patients
Sleep is a dynamic restorative process that is frequently disrupted in critically ill patients. Inadequate sleep can contribute to delirium and impaired healing. The etiology is multifactorial and practitioners often use a combination of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies to promote a healthy sleep cycle. There are many pharmacologic agents that may be used to promote sleep, and they display varying degrees of efficacy and safety. The selection of agent(s) should be based on patient- and disease-specific factors. All members of the treatment team can aid in assessing and optimizing sleep for critically ill patien...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - April 28, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Kaylee Marino, Melanie Goodberlet, Patricia Cyrus Source Type: research

The Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on the Sleep of Critically Ill Patients
Obstructive sleep apnea is becoming increasingly prevalent in society and thus critical care practitioners need to be prepared to care for these patients in the intensive care unit. Preparation begins with equipping the critical care nurse with the knowledge necessary to provide interventions which can enhance patient outcomes and mitigate complications. (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - April 28, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Michaelynn Paul Source Type: research

Benefits of Early Mobility on Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
Patient mobility or immobility impacts sleep. Sleep is vital in the intensive care unit (ICU) for the healing process. Currently, the number of patients mobilized in the ICU is low. Nurses should prioritize interventions for their patients that promote movement. Mobility of ICU patients is proven to be safe and is recommended by current evidence-based clinical guidelines. Despite the established benefits of early mobility, there are potential barriers to its implementation in practice. Nurses need to collaborate with the interdisciplinary team to safely perform early and ongoing patient mobilization despite barriers. (Sour...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Jaime Rohr Source Type: research

Assessment and Monitoring of Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit
Sleep affects physiologic and psychological recovery throughout critical illness. Patients often describe poor sleep as a major source of distress while hospitalized in an intensive care unit. The intensive care unit environment poses unique challenges for sleep assessment and monitoring. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss methods of assessment and monitoring of sleep within the intensive care unit setting. The advantages and disadvantages of physiologic monitoring of sleep (eg, polysomnography, bispectral index, and actigraphy) are compared with those of subjective measures of sleep quality (eg, validated...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Maya N. El ías Source Type: research

The Importance of Sleep for the Intensive Care Unit Patient
Sleep is vital to optimal physical and mental health. Insufficient sleep has numerous detrimental effects, including altered immune function and metabolism disruption. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) need their bodies to function at an optimal level in order for them to recover from critical illness. Sleep that is fragmented or insufficient can therefore lead to impaired ability to heal and can result in increased morbidity and mortality. (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - April 24, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Karen Bergman Schieman Tags: Preface Source Type: research

Caring for Traumatic Brain Injury Patients
Each year, millions of people suffer traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is not inherent to any country or group of people. It occurs as a result of falls, combat situations, sports injury, schoolyard playgrounds, and car accidents. It does not discriminate with age or status. Cost implications for health care settings and individuals are substantial. Management requires prompt neurologic assessment by a highly specialized multidisciplinary team of neuroscience practitioners. It is important to understand normal brain anatomy and physiology to identify what is unusual or abnormal. Keen observational skills and constant questi...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Vicki Evans Source Type: research

Preface: Global Intensive Care Management Strategies
Nearly 70 years ago, the concept of critical care units was introduced by Dr William McClenahan to improve the delivery of care for severely ill patients.1 These changes were fueled by surgical advances that created patients with fast changing needs requiring dedicated staff. Within 5 years, the intensive care unit had been adopted by 90% of large US-based hospitals. Dedicated critical care beds represent 2% to 6% of all hospital beds in developed countries.2 Nurses working in critical care built on World War II experience and began to develop structure and standards to support critical care nursing. (Source: Critical Care...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Christi DeLemos Source Type: research

Critical Care Nursing in the Philippines
This article provides a brief background on critical care nursing in the Philippines, its trend on current practice, and its implication and future direction. An overview is given on the milieu and processes inherent in the critical care unit with the intensive care unit setup taken as its exemplar. The roles and responsibilities of critical care nurses within these units and nature of common issues within their practice is explored. The need for training in communication skills, conflict resolution, and palliative care is implied for these nurses to fully fulfill their roles as collaborative clinician and active patient a...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Rudolf Cymorr Kirby P. Martinez, Maria Isabelita C. Rogado, Diana Jean F. Serondo, Gil P. Soriano, Karen Czarina S. Ilano Source Type: research

International Perspectives in Critical Care Nursing
CRITICAL CARE NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Authors: Christi DeLemos Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Contributors
CYNTHIA BAUTISTA, PhD, APRN, FNCS, FCNS (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Contents
Christi DeLemos (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Optimizing Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - January 30, 2021 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Intensive Care Unit Nursing Priorities in the United States
This integrative review presents the most recent and relevant critical care nursing research publications in the United States. A comprehensive search identified publications on the topics of delirium; early mobility; communication; palliative care; tele –intensive care unit; care bundle implementation; and prevention, detection, and early management of infection. The evidence is summarized for each of these topics, as well as other research, with suggestions and guidance for end users. (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - December 23, 2020 Category: Nursing Authors: Sheila A. Alexander Source Type: research

Caring for Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
The risk of rebleeding is greatest between 2 and 12  hours and is associated with increased risk of mortality and long-term dependent survival. Aneurysms should be secured within 48 hours of diagnosis. However, delays occur because of diagnosis and transfer of patients. Ninety-six hours is the current time it can take until treatment. The challenge s for this service continue to be access to and sharing of diagnostic imaging, repatriation back to district general hospitals to continue treatment (eg, for rehabilitation), access to neurorehabilitation, and access to psychological and neurocognitive support. (Source: Critic...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - December 23, 2020 Category: Nursing Authors: Anne Preece, Sally Young Source Type: research