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Hypertension
This article seeks to inform the reader about the global burden of hypertension and highlight the need for therapies to reduce societal costs and mortality associated with hypertension. Hypertension is a worldwide health concern for which international and European evidence and guidelines should be incorporated with the high-quality evidence that has been generated and synthesized in the United States. Together the guidelines broaden our understanding of hypertension and how best to manage the disease based upon realistic resources available across countries and regions where resources are more limited in availability. (So...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - October 12, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Cathy McAtee Source Type: research

Optimizing Care in Kidney Transplantation
This article provides fundamental information to health care providers on kidney transplant.  It reviews some of the preoperative testing, postoperative complications, and treatments. It is to help those who help assist with postoperative care of kidney transplants ensure care is optimal. This article will help educate and inform caregivers of guidelines and suggested plans of care to foll ow for best outcomes for transplant recipients. The short- and long-term care of these patients are extremely important, and health care providers need to follow practice guidelines to achieve optimal outcomes. This discussion will bene...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - October 12, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Kimberly Horka Source Type: research

Hepatorenal Syndrome
Cirrhosis is a complex disease and has devastating effects on the liver. People living with the condition are at risk for many complications such as hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). If diagnosed with this condition, the prognosis is often poor. Therefore, it is imperative that treating providers are aware of the symptoms and methods to either prevent or adequately treat the syndrome. Timely referral, prevention, early recognition, and initiation of treatment are key components for prevention or improving the prognosis for HRS. Excluding potentially contributing factors and/or conditions is also vitally important for diagnostic ...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Latanja L. Divens, Sherry L. Rivera Source Type: research

Hepatic Encephalopathy
This article aims to focus on identifying hepatic encephalopathy (HE) due to portal hypertension and cirrhosis and implementing the most appropriate treatment. The occurrence of hepatic encephalopathy is prognostic in the life expectancy and quality of life of individuals with cirrhosis. Patients diagnosed with cirrhosis should be thoroughly assessed for HE. Many studies have identified that even HE in a subclinical (covert) presentation is a predicator of increased mortality before and after liver transplant. HE, rather minimal or overt, indicates diminished quality of life and increased health care dollars and mortality....
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Vickie Reed Source Type: research

In Memoriam
Latanja Divens, PhD, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC (1974-2022)Every day is a gift —Dr Latanja Divens (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Care for the Liver Failure Patient
CRITICAL CARE NURSING CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Cynthia C. Benz Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Contributors
DEBORAH GARBEE, PhD, APRN, ACNS-BC, FCNS (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Contents
Cynthia C. Benz (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Nephrology (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 30, 2022 Category: Nursing Source Type: research

Kidney Disease and Sars-coV-2 Infection
The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected individuals with kidney disease causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sars-coV-2 infection has been linked to the development of acute kidney injury and worsening of underlying kidney function. Multiple challenges were encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in valuable lessons learned for future pandemics, public health emergencies, and disasters related to the care of individuals with kidney disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exposed the extensive need for more nurses to be knowledgeable about the care of kidney disease and able to prov...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 8, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Sherry Rivera, Clair Millet Source Type: research

Kidney Disease and Sars-coV-2 Infection: Challenges and Considerations for Nursing
The COVID-19 Pandemic disproportionately impacted individuals with kidney disease causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Sars-coV-2 infection has been linked to the development of acute kidney injury and worsening of underlying kidney function. The long-term sequelae of sars-coV-2 infection and kidney disease remain to be seen. Multiple challenges were encountered during the COVID-19 Pandemic resulting in valuable lessons learned for future pandemics, public health emergencies, and disasters related to the care of individuals with kidney disease. The COVID-19 Pandemic has further exposed the extensive need ...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - August 8, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Sherry Rivera, Clair Millet Source Type: research

Preface
Patients with liver failure present many challenges for health care providers. The liver performs a multitude of physiologic functions that maintain the normal homeostasis of the body. The liver processes protein, detoxifies drugs and toxins, regulates glucose, and synthesizes coagulation factors to facilitate homeostasis. When these functions are stressed, health care providers are confronted with challenges caring for the seriously ill patient with liver disease. This issue of Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America focuses on a few of the causes of acute liver failure (ALF) and common complications associated wit...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - July 20, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Cynthia C. Benz Source Type: research

Right-Sided Heart Failure and the Liver
Currently, there are 6.2 million people with heart failure (HF) in the United States with 1 million new HF cases being diagnosed annually. Twenty to 30% of patients with acute heart failure also have liver dysfunction. The dual diagnoses of chronic heart and liver disease has significant prognostic implications. (Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America)
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - July 20, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Jillian N. Mauriello, Michelle M. Straughan Source Type: research

Management of the Adult Patient with Cirrhosis Complicated by Ascites
Ascites is the most common and often the first decompensating event that occurs in cirrhosis. It has both a high symptom burden and high mortality rate. Increased abdominal girth, generalized abdominal pain, early satiety, and shortness of breath have a negative impact on quality of life. Treatments used to manage ascites include dietary sodium restriction, diuretics, large volume paracentesis, and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Secondary complications of ascites include refractory ascites, hyponatremia, and hepatorenal syndrome and are associated with reduced survival. Consideration should be given to the ...
Source: Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America - July 20, 2022 Category: Nursing Authors: Anna M. Nobbe, Heather M. McCurdy Source Type: research