Histopathological features to define atypical meningioma: What does really matter for prognosis?
This study investigated the ability of histopathological features t o predict recurrence risk of atypical meningiomas. Meningiomas classified as atypical only on minor atypical criteria had low recurrence risk. Brain invasion, high mitotic index and sheeting were significantly associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.001;P = 0.01;P = 0.01). The presence of brain invasion and the co-presence of sheeting and high mitotic index had the highest ability to identify recurring meningiomas (P = 0.0001) (sensitivity: 90.9%; specificity: 86.7%). Our results suggest reconsideration of classification ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Rapid detection of mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 genes using mass spectrometry
AbstractThe 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system was recently revised. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes and chromosome 1p/19q codeletion are especially important for both the integrated diagnosis and the determination of surgical strategy. To establish a method for intraoperative molecular diagnosis, a simple, rapid method was developed for the measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), a specific oncometabolite formed in the presence of IDH gene mutation, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI –...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 18, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Three case reports of radiation-induced glioblastoma after complete remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AbstractRadiation therapy is sometimes performed to control intracranial acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but may lead to radiation-induced malignant glioma. The clinical, radiological, histological, and molecular findings are described of three cases of radiation-induced glioblastoma after the treatment for ALL. They received radiation therapy at age 6 –8 years. The latency from radiation therapy to the onset of radiation-induced glioblastoma was 5–10 years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse lesions with multiple small enhanced lesions in all cases. Histological examination showed that the tumors co...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A feast of reviews about brain and pituitary tumor pathology
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical ATRX expression is not a surrogate for 1p19q codeletion
AbstractThe IDH-mutant and 1p/19q co-deletion (1p19q codel) provides significant diagnostic and prognostic value in lower-grade gliomas. AsATRX mutation and 1p19q codel are mutually exclusive, ATRX immunohistochemistry (IHC) may substitute for 1p19q codel, but this has not been comprehensively examined. In the current study, we performed ATRX-IHC in 78 gliomas whoseATRX statuses were comprehensively determined by whole exome sequencing. Among the 60 IHC-positive and 18 IHC-negative cases, 86.7 and 77.8% wereATRX-wildtype andATRX-mutant, respectively.ATRX mutational patterns were not consistent with ATRX-IHC. If our cohort ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
New WHO classification of pituitary adenomas (4th edition): assessment of pituitary transcription factors and the prognostic histological factors
AbstractWHO classification of pituitary adenomas was revised in 2017. The two major and significant changes are discussed. (1) The new classification focuses on adenohypophysial-cell lineage for the designation of adenomas, and thus, assessment of pituitary transcription factors is recommended. Its appropriate use has a complementary role in obtaining an accurate diagnosis, particularly in hormone-negative adenomas. Subclassification of nonfunctioning adenomas was revised accordingly and, consequently, null cell adenomas became quite rare. (2) “Atypical adenoma”, a previous category, was eliminated due to the poor repr...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Rapid detection of mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 genes using mass spectrometry
AbstractThe 2016 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system was recently revised. Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 genes and chromosome 1p/19q codeletion are especially important for both the integrated diagnosis and the determination of surgical strategy. To establish a method for intraoperative molecular diagnosis, a simple, rapid method was developed for the measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), a specific oncometabolite formed in the presence of IDH gene mutation, using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI –...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The 2017 WHO classification of pituitary adenoma: overview and comments
AbstractThe fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors has been recently published. There are two critical changes to the classification for pituitary adenomas in this edition. One is that the term “atypical adenoma,” which was characterized based on highly proliferative properties to predict adenomas that carry a poor prognosis, was completely eliminated due to the lack of definitive evidence. The other change is the introduction of more precise cell lineage-based classification of pituit ary adenoma that is defined based on lineage-specific transcription factors and hormones pr...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Welcoming the new WHO classification of pituitary tumors 2017: revolution in TTF-1-positive posterior pituitary tumors
AbstractThe fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors (EN-WHO2017) was released in 2017. In this new edition, changes in the classification of non-neuroendocrine tumors are proposed particularly in tumors arising in the posterior pituitary. These tumors are a distinct group of low-grade neoplasms of the sellar region that express thyroid transcription factor-1, and include pituicytoma, granular cell tumor of the sellar region, spindle cell oncocytoma, and sellar ependymoma. This short review focuses on the classification of posterior pituitary tumors newly proposed in EN-WHO2017, an...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Delayed leptomeningeal metastasis of an adult anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Three case reports of radiation-induced glioblastoma after complete remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
AbstractRadiation therapy is sometimes performed to control intracranial acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but may lead to radiation-induced malignant glioma. The clinical, radiological, histological, and molecular findings are described of three cases of radiation-induced glioblastoma after the treatment for ALL. They received radiation therapy at age 6 –8 years. The latency from radiation therapy to the onset of radiation-induced glioblastoma was 5–10 years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse lesions with multiple small enhanced lesions in all cases. Histological examination showed that the tumors co...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
A feast of reviews about brain and pituitary tumor pathology
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Reclassification of 400 consecutive glioma cases based on the revised 2016WHO classification
In this study, we reclassified 400 consecutive glioma cases including pediatric cases, using the revised 2016 WHO classification with samples collected from the Kyushu University Brain Tumor Bank. TheIDH1/2, H3F3A, key genetic markers in the 2016 classification, were analyzed using high-resolution melting, with DNA extracted from frozen tissues. The 1p/19q codeletions were evaluated using a microsatellite-based loss of heterozygosity analysis, with 18 markers, to detect loss of the entire chromosome arm. In the integrated diagnosis, 29 oligodendroglioma cases and 28 anaplastic oligodendroglioma cases were diagnosed as “I...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Immunohistochemical ATRX expression is not a surrogate for 1p19q codeletion
AbstractThe IDH-mutant and 1p/19q co-deletion (1p19q codel) provides significant diagnostic and prognostic value in lower-grade gliomas. AsATRX mutation and 1p19q codel are mutually exclusive, ATRX immunohistochemistry (IHC) may substitute for 1p19q codel, but this has not been comprehensively examined. In the current study, we performed ATRX-IHC in 78 gliomas whoseATRX statuses were comprehensively determined by whole exome sequencing. Among the 60 IHC-positive and 18 IHC-negative cases, 86.7 and 77.8% wereATRX-wildtype andATRX-mutant, respectively.ATRX mutational patterns were not consistent with ATRX-IHC. If our cohort ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 17, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Welcoming the new WHO classification of pituitary tumors 2017: revolution in TTF-1-positive posterior pituitary tumors
AbstractThe fourth edition of the World Health Organization classification of endocrine tumors (EN-WHO2017) was released in 2017. In this new edition, changes in the classification of non-neuroendocrine tumors are proposed particularly in tumors arising in the posterior pituitary. These tumors are a distinct group of low-grade neoplasms of the sellar region that express thyroid transcription factor-1, and include pituicytoma, granular cell tumor of the sellar region, spindle cell oncocytoma, and sellar ependymoma. This short review focuses on the classification of posterior pituitary tumors newly proposed in EN-WHO2017, an...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 2, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
