T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery mismatch sign in lower grade gliomas: correlation with pathological and molecular findings
In this study, we attempted to uncover the mechanism of T2-FLAIR mismatch sign for clarifying the cause of this sign ’s low sensitivity. Among 99 patients with LGGs, 22 were T2-FLAIR mismatch sign-positive (22%), and this sign as a marker of IDH mut-Noncodel showed a sensitivity of 55.6% and specificity of 96.8%. Via pathological analyses, we could provide evidence that not only microcystic changes but the enlar ged intercellular space was associated with T2-FLAIR mismatch sign (p = 0.017). As per the molecular analyses, overexpression of mTOR-related genes (m-TOR, RICTOR) were detected as the molecular events correl...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 28, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Preface for Brain Tumor Pathology vol. 39 issue 2
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 8, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Implications of immune cells in oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy for glioma
AbstractDespite current progress in treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) remains a lethal primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Although immunotherapy has recently achieved remarkable survival effectiveness in multiple malignancies, none of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for GBM have shown anti-tumor efficacy in clinical trials. GBM has a characteristic immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that results in the failure of ICIs. Oncolytic herpes simplex virotherapy (oHSV) is the most advanced United States Food and Drug Administration-approved virotherapy for advanced metastatic melanoma patients....
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinical and radiological findings of glioblastomas harboring a BRAF V600E mutation
In conclusion, age  <  55 years, being IDH1-R132H negative, with hemorrhagic onset or the presence of prior lesions are factors that signal recommendation ofBRAF analysis for adult GBM patients. (Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - April 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Molecular subgrouping of ependymoma across three anatomic sites and their prognostic implications
AbstractThe 2021 WHO classification stratifies ependymoma (EPN) into nine molecular subgroups according to the anatomic locations which outperforms histological grading. We aimed at molecularly reclassifying 200 EPN using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and sequencing forZFTA fusions in supratentorial (ST) EPN. Further, we assessed the utility of L1CAM, cyclinD1, and p65 markers in identifyingZFTA fusion. Demographic profiles, histologic features, molecular subgroups and clinical outcome were retrospectively analyzed. IHC for L1CAM, cyclinD1, p65, H3K27me3, and H3K27M and sequencing forZFTA fusion were performed.ZFTA fusions we...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 29, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The 2021 WHO classification of tumors, 5th edition, central nervous system tumors: the 10 basic principles
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 22, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clinicopathological risk factors for a poor prognosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma in elderly patients in the Tohoku and Niigata area: a multicenter, retrospective, cohort study of the Tohoku Brain Tumor Study Group
AbstractClinicopathological risk factors for a poor prognosis were investigated in elderly patients with malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system. A total of 82 pathologically confirmed, CD20-positive, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients aged 71  years or older who underwent therapeutic intervention in the Tohoku and Niigata area in Japan were retrospectively reviewed. A univariate analysis was performed by the log-rank test using the Kaplan–Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis of risk factors . Of the 82 patients, 39 were male and 43 were female, and their median ...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 21, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

The oligodendroglial histological features are not independently predictive of patient prognosis in lower-grade gliomas
AbstractThe relevance of oligodendroglial histological features to patient prognoses is controversial. 93 LrGGs resected for about 2 decades were re-assessed based on WHO2007 with special interest to pure oligodendroglial diagnosis (oligodendroglioma or anaplastic oligodendroglioma) and presence of CFO features. Those histological features, patients OS, and tumor chromosomal/genetic characteristics were correlated each other in each of the 3 IDH-1p/19q-based molecular groups. There was significant association between 1p19q status with the oligodendroglial histological diagnosis as well as presence of CFO in the entire coho...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - March 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Prognostic significance of TERT promoter mutations in adult-type diffuse gliomas
AbstractTERT promoter mutations are one of the most common genetic alterations in adult-type diffuse gliomas and show specific patterns compared with other genetic alterations according to glioma subtypes. This mutation has variable impacts on patient outcomes in association with other genetic alterations, includingIDH1/2 mutations or histological types. The purpose of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the values ofTERT promoter mutations in the diagnosis and prognostication of adult-type diffuse gliomas. We also aimed to discuss the interaction between the prognostic impacts ofTERT promoter mutations and ot...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 31, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Emerging glioneuronal and neuronal tumors: case-based review
AbstractGlioneuronal and neuronal tumors (GNTs) are rare heterogeneous central nervous system tumors characterized by slow growth and favorable outcomes, but are often associated with diagnostic difficulties. A thorough analysis of three rare and recently recognized GNTs was performed in the context of clinicopathological features and molecular genetic characterization. The current spinal diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) was characterized with oligodendroglioma-like tumor with chromosome 1p/19q codeletion withoutIDH mutations andKIAA1549:BRAF fusion. The current occipital multinodular and vacuolating neuro...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 20, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Histopathological predictors of progression-free survival in atypical meningioma: a single-center retrospective cohort and meta-analysis
AbstractTo determine the prognostic significance of histopathological features included in the diagnostic criteria of atypical meningioma for progression-free survival (PFS). We performed a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis. Brain invasion, mitotic index, spontaneous necrosis, sheeting, prominent nucleoli, high cellularity, and small cells were the histopathological features of interest. The data from 25 studies involving 3590 patients including our cohort (n = 262) were included. The pooled HR of mitotic index at a cutoff value of 4 showed no statical significance in the gross analysis (pooled HR, 1.09; 95%...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 15, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

A patient with two gliomas with independent oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma biology proved by DNA-methylation profiling: a case report and review of the literature
AbstractHere, we report on a patient presenting with two histopathologically distinct gliomas. At the age of 42, the patient underwent initial resection of a right temporal oligodendroglioma IDH mutated 1p/19q co-deleted WHO Grade II followed by adjuvant radiochemotherapy with temozolomide. 15  months after initial diagnosis, the patient showed right hemispheric tumor progression and an additional new left frontal contrast enhancement in the subsequent imaging. A re-resection of the right-sided tumor and resection of the left frontal tumor were conducted. Neuropathological work-up showed recurrence of the right-sided olig...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 11, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Role of proliferative marker index and KBTBD4 mutation in the pathological diagnosis of pineal parenchymal tumors
This study included 19 cases of PPTs [3 pineocytomas (PCs), 10 PPTs of intermediate differentiation (PPTID), and 6 pineoblastomas (PBs)]. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, PHH3, and DICER1, as well as Sanger sequencing analysis forKBTBD4 mutations, was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens that were resected during surgery. Tumor cell proliferation was quantified using an image analysis software. For the PHH3 and MIB-1 indices, a significant difference was observed between the PPTIDs and PBs (P <  0.05). Loss of DICER1 was not specific for PB; 0/3 PCs (0.0%), 2/9 PPTIDs (22.2%), and 2/4 PBs...
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 9, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Timing of H3K27me3 loss in secondary anaplastic meningiomas
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 6, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Correction to: Epithelioid inflammatory myofibroblastic sarcoma with VCL –ALK fusion of central nervous system: case report and brief review of the literature
(Source: Brain Tumor Pathology)
Source: Brain Tumor Pathology - January 1, 2022 Category: Neurology Source Type: research