Title Page/Table of Contents
Brain Behav Evol 2018;91:119 –122 (Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution)
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - August 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Author Index Vol. 91, No. 3, 2018 / Subject Index Vol. 91, No. 3, 2018
Brain Behav Evol 2018;91:191 –191 (Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution)
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - August 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Selective and Context-Dependent Social and Behavioral Effects of Δ < sup > 9 < /sup > -Tetrahydrocannabinol in Weakly Electric Fish
Cannabinoid (CB) receptors are widespread in the nervous system and influence a variety of behaviors. Weakly electric fish have been a useful model system in the study of the neural basis of behavior, but we know nothing of the role played by the CB system. Here, we determine the overall behavioral effect of a nonselective CB receptor agonist, namely Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), in the weakly electric fishApte ronotus leptorhynchus. Using various behavioral paradigms involving social stimuli, we show that THC decreases locomotor behavior, as in many species, and influences communication and social behavior. Across the...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - July 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Organization of the Orexin/Hypocretin System in the Brain of Holostean Fishes: Assessment of Possible Relationships with Monoamines and Neuropeptide Y
In this study, the neuroanatomical distribution of orexin/hypocretin-like immunoreactive (OX-ir) cell bodies and fibers was analyzed in the brain of 3 representative species of the 2 orders of extant holosteans, the spotted garLepisosteus oculatus, the Florida garLepisosteus platyrhincus, and the bowfinAmia calva. Antibodies against orexin-A (OXA) and orexin-B (OXB) were used, which labeled the same cells and fibers throughout the brain. In addition, double immunohistofluorescence was performed for the simultaneous detection of OXA and OXB with tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, and neuropeptide Y (NPY), in an attempt to loc...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - July 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Influence of Rearing on Behavior, Brain Monoamines, and Gene Expression in Three-Spined Sticklebacks
The causes of individual variation in behavior are often not well understood, and potential underlying mechanisms include both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as early environmental, physiological, and genetic differences. In an exploratory laboratory study, we raised three-spined sticklebacks(Gasterosteus aculeatus) under 4 different environmental conditions (simulated predator environment, complex environment, variable social environment, and control). We investigated how these manipulations related to behavior, brain physiology, and gene expression later in life, with focus on brain dopamine and serotonin levels, ...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - June 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Species-Specific Auditory Forebrain Responses to Non-Learned Vocalizations in Juvenile Blackbirds
Species recognition mediates the association of individuals with conspecifics. Learned cues often facilitate species recognition via early social experience with parents and siblings. Yet, in some songbirds, the production of species-typical vocalizations develops in the absence of early social experiences. Here, we investigate the auditory-evoked neural responses of juvenile red-winged blackbirds(Agelaius phoeniceus), a nonparasitic (parental) species within the Icterid family and contrast these results with a closely related Icterid parasitic species that lacks parental care, the brown-headed cowbird(Molothrus ater). We ...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - June 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Primate Brain Anatomy: New Volumetric MRI Measurements for Neuroanatomical Studies
Since the publication of the primate brain volumetric dataset of Stephan and colleagues in the early 1980s, no major new comparative datasets covering multiple brain regions and a large number of primate species have become available. However, technological and other advances in the last two decades, particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the creation of institutions devoted to the collection and preservation of rare brain specimens, provide opportunities to rectify this situation. Here, we present a new dataset including brain region volumetric measurements of 39 species, including 20 species not previously ava...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - June 12, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Adaptations for Substrate Gleaning in Bats: The Pallid Bat as a Case Study
Substrate gleaning is a foraging strategy in which bats use a mixture of echolocation, prey-generated sounds, and vision to localize and hunt surface-dwelling prey. Many substrate-gleaning species depend primarily on prey-generated noise to hunt. Use of echolocation is limited to general orientation and obstacle avoidance. This foraging strategy involves a different set of selective pressures on morphology, behavior, and auditory system organization of bats compared to the use of echolocation for both hunting and navigation. Gleaning likely evolved to hunt in cluttered environments and/or as a counterstrategy to reduce det...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - June 6, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Homology in Amniote Brain Evolution: The Rise of Molecular Evidence
Brain Behav Evol (Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution)
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - June 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
FoxP2 Expression in a Highly Vocal Teleost Fish with Comparisons to Tetrapods
We report an extensive overlap betweenFoxP2 expression and vocal, auditory, and steroid-signaling systems with robust expression at multiple sites in the telencephalon, the preoptic area, the diencephalon, and the midbrain. Label was far more restricted in the hindbrain though robust in one region of the reticular formation. A comparison with other teleosts and tetrapods suggests an evolutionarily conserved FoxP2 phenotype important to vocal-acoustic and, more broadly, sensorimotor function among vertebrates.Brain Behav Evol (Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution)
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - April 19, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Endocranial Development in the Coyote ( < b > < i > Canis latrans < /i > < /b > ) and Gray Wolf ( < b > < i > Canis lupus < /i > < /b > ): A Computed Tomographic Study
The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of postnatal brain growth in two wild canid species: the coyote (Canis latrans) and gray wolf (Canis lupus). Adult regional and total brain volume differences were also compared between the two species as well as within each species by sex. Three-dimensional virtual endocasts of endocranial airspace were created from computed tomography scans of 52 coyote skulls (28 female, 24 male; 1 day to 13.4 years) and 46 gray wolf skulls (25 female, 21 male; 1 day to 7.9 years). Age was known in coyotes or estimated from dentition patterns in wolves. The 95% asymptotic growth of th...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - April 10, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Brain Activation Patterns in Response to Conspecific and Heterospecific Social Acoustic Signals in Female Plainfin Midshipman Fish, < b > < i > Porichthys notatus < /i > < /b >
While the peripheral auditory system of fish has been well studied, less is known about how the fish ’s brain and central auditory system process complex social acoustic signals. The plainfin midshipman fish,Porichthys notatus, has become a good species for investigating the neural basis of acoustic communication because the production and reception of acoustic signals is paramount for this species ’ reproductive success. Nesting males produce long-duration advertisement calls that females detect and localize among the noise in the intertidal zone to successfully find mates and spawn. How female midshipman are able to ...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - March 29, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Identification of in vivo Sulci on the External Surface of Eight Adult Chimpanzee Brains: Implications for Interpreting Early Hominin Endocasts
The only direct source of information about hominin brain evolution comes from the fossil record of endocranial casts (endocasts) that reproduce details of the external morphology of the brain imprinted on the walls of the braincase during life. Surface traces of sulci that separate the brain ’s convolutions (gyri) are reproduced sporadically on early hominin endocasts. Paleoneurologists rely heavily on published descriptions of sulci on brains of great apes, especially chimpanzees (humans’ phylogenetically closest living relatives), to guide their identifications of sulci on ape-siz ed hominin endocasts. However, the ...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - March 13, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
The Secret Caverns of the Dragon ’s Brain: Current and Potential Contributions of Lizards to Evolutionary Neuroscience
Brain Behav Evol (Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution)
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - January 25, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Some Galeomorph Sharks Express a Mammalian Microglia-Specific Protein in Radial Ependymoglia of the Telencephalon
Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), also known as allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), is a highly conserved cytoplasmic scaffold protein. Studies strongly suggest that Iba1 is associated with immune-like reactions in all Metazoa. In the mammalian brain, it is abundantly expressed in microglial cells and is used as a reliable marker for this cell type. The present study used multiple-label microscopy and Western blotting to examine Iba1 expression in the telencephalon of 2 galeomorph shark species, the swellshark(Cephaloscyllium ventriosum) and the horn shark(Heterodontus francisci), a member of an ancie...
Source: Brain, Behavior and Evolution - December 12, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
