Update on Pediatric Tracheostomy: Indications, Technique, Education, and Decannulation

AbstractPurpose of ReviewTracheostomy in a child demands critical pre-operative evaluation, deliberate family education, competent surgical technique, and multidisciplinary post-operative care. The goals of pediatric tracheostomy are to establish a safe airway, optimize ventilation, and expedite discharge. Herein we provide an update regarding timing, surgical technique, complications, and decannulation, focusing on a longitudinal approach to pediatric tracheostomy care.Recent FindingsPediatric tracheostomy is performed in approximately 0.2% of inpatient stays among tertiary pediatric hospitals. Mortality in children with tracheostomies ranges from 10 –20% due to significant comorbidities in this population. Tracheostomy-specific mortality and complications are now rare. Recent global initiatives have aimed to optimize decision-making, lower surgical costs, reduce the length of intensive care, and eliminate perioperative wound complications. Th e safest road to tracheostomy decannulation in children remains to be both patient and provider dependent.SummaryRecent literature provides guidance on safe, uncomplicated, and long-term tracheostomy care in children. Further research is needed to help standardize decannulation protocols.
Source: Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports - Category: ENT & OMF Source Type: research