The adversarial mindset.

Many social outcomes are reached by means of competitions between opposing actors. While the positive effects of competition are beyond dispute, this article contends that competitive situations also trigger a particular psychological mindset that can distort contestants’ judgment and lead to suboptimal courses of action. The article presents a theoretical framework that consists of a myside bias, by which people adopt a self-serving view of the competition, evaluate themselves favorably, and evaluate their counterpart unfavorably. The framework also proposes the construct of otherside bias, by which people impute to their counterparts distortions that are similar, but opposite, to their own. The combined effect of these biases is to fuel conflict-promoting behavior. Next, the article presents 2 experiments designed to test this framework. Using minimalistic experimental treatments, we find that participants assigned to adversarial roles display the myside and otherside biases. The primary objective of this paper is to offer a comprehensive account of the psychological mindset evoked by competitive situations. We integrate findings established across a variety of research fields into a unifying theoretical framework and demonstrate experimentally their joint impact on this important domain of human judgment and behavior. We propose that coherence-based reasoning serves as the cognitive backbone of the framework, in that the array of judgments are intricately interconnected ...
Source: Psychology, Public Policy, and Law - Category: Medical Law Source Type: research