Reducing Blood Cancer Patients' Need for Transfusions

January 21, 2020—(BRONX, NY)—A clinical trial has found the drug luspatercept significantly reduced the need for blood transfusions in people with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a group of bone marrow disorders that leave people with many defective blood cells and too few normal ones. Approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) would make luspatercept the first new drug available to MDS patients in 12 years.Results of the phase 3 clinical trial were published online January 9 in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).
Source: Einstein News - Category: Universities & Medical Training Source Type: news

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Purpose of review This review outlines the advancements that have been made in computational analysis for clinical flow cytometry data in hematological malignancies. Recent findings In recent years, computational analysis methods have been applied to clinical flow cytometry data of hematological malignancies with promising results. Most studies combined dimension reduction (principle component analysis) or clustering methods (FlowSOM, generalized mixture models) with machine learning classifiers (support vector machines, random forest). For diagnosis and classification of hematological malignancies, many studies have ...
Source: Current Opinion in Oncology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: CANCER BIOLOGY: Edited by Pierre Hainaut and Sophie Park Source Type: research
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2020Source: Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and LeukemiaAuthor(s): Roberto Castelli, Luigi Bergamaschini, Thomas Teatini, Luca Cilumbriello, Riccardo Schiavon, Paolo Gallipoli, Giorgio Lambertenghi DeliliesAbstract:IntroductionVon Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease ADAMTS-13 has a key role for maintaining normal size of vWF. A deficiency or dysfunction of vWF cleaving protease is associated with ultra large vWF multimers and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Patients with cancers have reduced levels of vWF cleaving protease. In this pilot study we have evaluated whether or not...
Source: Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
The initiating mutations that contribute to cancer development are sometimes present in premalignant cells. Whether therapies targeting these mutations can eradicate premalignant cells is unclear. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an attractive system for investigating the effect of preventative treatment because this disease is often preceded by a premalignant state (clonal hematopoiesis or myelodysplastic syndrome). In Npm1c/Dnmt3a mutant knock-in mice, a model of AML development, leukemia is preceded by a period of extended myeloid progenitor cell proliferation and self-renewal. We found that this self-renewal can be reve...
Source: ScienceNOW - Category: Science Authors: Tags: Medicine, Diseases reports Source Type: news
Von Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease ADAMTS-13 has a key role for maintaining normal size of vWF. A deficiency or dysfunction of vWF cleaving protease is associated with ultra large vWF multimers and thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Patients with cancers have reduced levels of vWF cleaving protease. In this pilot study we have evaluated whether or not deficiencies of ADAMTS-13 were present in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Moreover, we assessed if a reduction in basal levels of ADAMTS-13 may play a role in the prognosis of MDS.
Source: Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma and Leukemia - Category: Hematology Authors: Tags: Original Study Source Type: research
Condition:   Myelodysplastic Syndromes Intervention:   Drug: SX-682 Sponsors:   Syntrix Biosystems, Inc.;   H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute;   National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Not yet recruiting
Source: ClinicalTrials.gov - Category: Research Source Type: clinical trials
Authors: Moazed V, Jafari E, RashidiNezhad B, Kalantari-Khandani B, Nemati A, Naghibzadeh Tahami A, Mangeli F Abstract BACKGROUND: Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematological disease and certain serum factors are assumed to be involved in its pathogenesis and progression. Given this, our aim was to comparatively investigate the copper, zinc, and iron levels in MDS patients and healthy individuals. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted on 31 patients with MDS (according to the WHO criteria after investigating laboratory tests such as peripheral blood smear and bone marrow aspiration)...
Source: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention - Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Asian Pac J Cancer Prev Source Type: research
Relapse remains the leading cause of treatment failure for 30 –50% of patients with high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergoing allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT). Safety and relapse risk reduction with an ex vivo-expanded, donor-derived, haploidentical (haplo) natural killer (NK)-cell infusion in conjun ction with haploBMT were reported by investigators at MD Anderson Cancer Center in a phase I study (Ciurea, Blood 2017). These data support investigation of CSTD002, haplo NK cells expanded ex vivo using plasma membrane nanoparticles bearing membrane-bound IL-21 and 4-1BBL.
Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation - Category: Hematology Authors: Tags: 575 Source Type: research
Relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) remains a major cause of treatment failure with associated poor prognosis. Low-dose post-HSCT maintenance azacitidine (AZA) has proved to be beneficial in preventing relapses (de Lima et al. Cancer 2010). Herein, we retrospectively evaluated outcomes of patients (pts) treated with low-dose AZA post-HSCT.
Source: Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation - Category: Hematology Authors: Tags: 175 Source Type: research
Source: Cancer Management and Research - Category: Cancer & Oncology Tags: Cancer Management and Research Source Type: research
In recent years, immunotherapies have been clinically investigated in AML and other myeloid malignancies. While most of these are focused on stimulating the adaptive immune system (including T cell checkpoint inhibitors), several key approaches targeting the innate immune system have been identified. Macrophages are a key cell type in the innate immune response with CD47 being identified as a dominant macrophage checkpoint. CD47 is a “do not eat me” signal, overexpressed in myeloid malignancies that leads to tumor evasion of phagocytosis by macrophages. Blockade of CD47 leads to engulfment of leukemic cells and...
Source: Frontiers in Oncology - Category: Cancer & Oncology Source Type: research
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