Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass.

Oxidoreductases and Reactive Oxygen Species in Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2018 Dec;82(4): Authors: Bissaro B, Várnai A, Røhr ÅK, Eijsink VGH Abstract SUMMARYBiomass constitutes an appealing alternative to fossil resources for the production of materials and energy. The abundance and attractiveness of vegetal biomass come along with challenges pertaining to the intricacy of its structure, evolved during billions of years to face and resist abiotic and biotic attacks. To achieve the daunting goal of plant cell wall decomposition, microorganisms have developed many (enzymatic) strategies, from which we seek inspiration to develop biotechnological processes. A major breakthrough in the field has been the discovery of enzymes today known as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), which, by catalyzing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides, allow canonical hydrolytic enzymes to depolymerize the biomass more efficiently. Very recently, it has been shown that LPMOs are not classical monooxygenases in that they can also use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. This discovery calls for a revision of our understanding of how lignocellulolytic enzymes are connected since H2O2 is produced and used by several of them. The first part of this review is dedicated to the LPMO paradigm, describing knowns, unknowns, and uncertainties. We then present different lignocellulolytic redox systems...
Source: Mol Biol Cell - Category: Molecular Biology Authors: Tags: Microbiol Mol Biol Rev Source Type: research