Refractory Urethral Stricture Management: Indications for Alternative Grafts and Flaps

We describe the scope of the surgical armamentarium available to develop creative approaches and successful outcomes.Recent findingsWe discuss techniques to maximize the availability of oral mucosa, harvest and use of rectal mucosa, and developments in tissue engineering. Evolving methods to assess success of repair are also described.SummaryUrethral reconstruction for refractory urethral strictures requires proficiency with multiple methods as these strictures often require combining techniques for successful treatment.
Source: Current Urology Reports - Category: Urology & Nephrology Source Type: research