Ipratropium is ‘luminally recycled’ by an inter-play between apical uptake and efflux transporters in Calu-3 bronchial epithelial cell layers

This study suggests the absorption of ipratropium across the pulmonary barrier is primarily governed by paracellular passive diffusion but transporters might play a significant role in controlling the drug local concentrations in the lungs. Graphical abstract
Source: International Journal of Pharmaceutics - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research