Mechanistic insight of Diabetic Nephropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets: An update.

Mechanistic insight of Diabetic Nephropathy and its pharmacotherapeutic targets: An update. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 25; Authors: Bhattacharjee N, Barma S, Konwar N, Dewanjee S, Manna P Abstract Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a chronic complication of diabetes, is charecterised by glomerular hypertrophy, proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration, and renal fibrosis resulting in the loss of renal function. Although the exact cause of DN remains unclear, several mechanisms have been postulated, such as hyperglycemia-induced renal hyper filtration and renal injury, AGEs-induced increased oxidative stress, activated PKC-induced increased production of cytokines, chemokines, and different inflammatory and apoptotic signals. Among various factors, oxidative stress has been suggested to play a major role underlying the onset and propagation of DN. It triggers several signaling pathways involved in DN, like AGEs, PKC cascade, JAK/STAT signaling, MAPK, mTOR, and SMAD. Oxidative stress-induced activation of both inflammatory and apoptotic signals are two major problems in the pathogenesis of DN. The FDA approved pharmacotherapeutic agents affecting against polyol pathway principally include anti-oxidants, like α-lipoic acid, vitamin E, and vitamin C. Kremezin and benfotiamine are the FDA approved AGEs inhibitors, another therapeutic target against DN. Ruboxistaurin, telmisartan, rapamycin, fenofibrate, aliskiren, and manidipine are some FDA a...
Source: European Journal of Pharmacology - Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Tags: Eur J Pharmacol Source Type: research