Remaining Challenges in Pediatric HIV-1 Infection

< h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Abstract < /h3 > < span class= " a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec1 " > < h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Purpose of Review < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Challenges in treatment and prevention remain for pediatric human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection as well as increasing concerns for HIV-1 exposed but uninfected infants. < /p > < /span > < span class= " a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec2 " > < h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Recent Findings < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Current antiretroviral drugs have excellent potency. However, stigma, adherence barriers, antiretroviral toxicity, and ongoing immune activation threaten the health of children living with HIV-1. Cure awaits a breakthrough in strategies to eradicate the latent HIV-1 reservoir. Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 can be reduced to rates below 1  %, however, operational barriers currently preclude elimination of new infections. HIV-1 exposed, uninfected infants have increased infectious morbidity and mortality compared to their unexposed peers, possibility related to immune deficits. < /p > < /span > < span class= " a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec3 " > < h3 class= " a-plus-plus " > Summary < /h3 > < p class= " a-plus-plus " > Pediatric HIV-1 is now a chronic illness but treatment fails to reverse all viral pathology. Novel prevention approaches are needed to achieve elimination. Prevention success has revealed excess morbidity and mortality among e...

Source: Current Pediatrics Reports - July 21, 2016 Category: Pediatrics Source Type: research