Splenic Damage during SIV Infection: Role of T-Cell Depletion and Macrophage Polarization and Infection.

Splenic Damage during SIV Infection: Role of T-Cell Depletion and Macrophage Polarization and Infection.
Am J Pathol. 2016 Jun 17;
Authors: Williams DW, Engle EL, Shirk EN, Queen SE, Gama L, Mankowski JL, Zink MC, Clements JE
Abstract
The effects of HIV infection on spleen and its cellular subsets have not been fully characterized, particularly for macrophages in which diverse populations exist. We used an accelerated SIV-infected macaque model to examine longitudinal effects on T-cell and macrophage populations and their susceptibilities to infection. Substantial lymphoid depletion occurred, characterized by follicular burn out and a loss of CD3 T lymphocytes, which was associated with cellular activation and transient dysregulations in CD4/CD8 ratios and memory effector populations. In contrast, the loss of CD68 and CD163(+)CD68(+) macrophages and increase in CD163 cells was irreversible, which began during acute infection and persisted until terminal disease. Mac387 macrophages and monocytes were transiently recruited into spleen, but were not sufficient to mitigate the changes in macrophage subsets. Type I interferon, M2 polarizing genes, and chemokine-chemokine receptor signaling were up-regulated in spleen and drove macrophage alterations. SIV-infected T cells were numerous within the white pulp during acute infection, but were rarely observed thereafter. CD68, CD163, and Mac387 macrophages were highly infected, which primarily...

Source: The American Journal of Pathology - June 16, 2016 Category: Pathology Authors: Williams DW, Engle EL, Shirk EN, Queen SE, Gama L, Mankowski JL, Zink MC, Clements JE Tags: Am J Pathol Source Type: research