The Simultaneous Model-Based Estimation of Joint, Muscle, and Tendon Stiffness is Highly Sensitive to the Tendon Force-Strain Relationship

Conclusion: EMG-driven musculoskeletal models can be calibrated on a larger set of reference data to provide more realistic values for the biomechanical variables across multiple anatomical levels. Moreover, the tendon models that are typically used in musculoskeletal modeling are too stiff. Significance: Calibrated musculoskeletal models informed by experimental measurements give access to an augmented range of biomechanical variables that might not be easily measured with sensors alone.
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research