Molecules, Vol. 29, Pages 781: Comparison of Multiple NIR Spectrometers for Detecting Low-Concentration Nitrogen-Based Adulteration in Protein Powders
Molecules, Vol. 29, Pages 781: Comparison of Multiple NIR Spectrometers for Detecting Low-Concentration Nitrogen-Based Adulteration in Protein Powders
Molecules doi: 10.3390/molecules29040781
Authors:
Matyas Lukacs
John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
George Bazar
Bernhard Pollner
Marietta Fodor
Zoltan Kovacs
Protein adulteration is a common fraud in the food industry due to the high price of protein sources and their limited availability. Total nitrogen determination is the standard analytical technique for quality control, which is incapable of distinguishing between protein nitrogen and nitrogen from non-protein sources. Three benchtops and one handheld near-infrared spectrometer (NIRS) with different signal processing techniques (grating, Fourier transform, and MEM—micro-electro-mechanical system) were compared with detect adulteration in protein powders at low concentration levels. Whey, beef, and pea protein powders were mixed with a different combination and concentration of high nitrogen content compounds—namely melamine, urea, taurine, and glycine—resulting in a total of 819 samples. NIRS, combined with chemometric tools and various spectral preprocessing techniques, was used to predict adulterant concentrations, while the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were also assessed to further evaluate instrument performance. Out of all devices and measurement methods compared, the most accurate predicti...
Source: Molecules - Category: Chemistry Authors: Matyas Lukacs John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu George Bazar Bernhard Pollner Marietta Fodor Zoltan Kovacs Tags: Article Source Type: research
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