Recent Advances in CMOS Electrochemical Biosensor Design for Microbial Monitoring: Review and Design Methodology

Rapid, high-sensitivity, and real-time characterization of microorganisms plays a significant role in several areas, including clinical diagnosis, human healthcare, early detection of outbreaks, and the protection of living beings. Integrating microbiology and electrical engineering promises the development of low-cost, miniaturized, autonomous, and high-sensitivity sensors to quantify and characterize bacterial strains at various concentrations. Electrochemical-based biosensors are receiving particular attention in microbiological applications among the different biosensing devices. Several approaches have been adopted to design and fabricate cutting-edge, miniaturized, and portable electrochemical biosensors to track and monitor bacterial cultures in real time. These techniques differ in their sensing interface circuits and microelectrode fabrication. The goals of this review are (1) to summarize the current state of CMOS sensing circuit designs in label-free electrochemical biosensors for bacteria monitoring and (2) to discuss the material and size of the electrodes used in electrochemical biosensors in microbiological applications. In this paper, we reviewed the latest and most advanced CMOS integrated interface circuits that have recently been used in electrochemical biosensors to identify and characterize bacteria species, such as impedance spectroscopy, capacitive, amperometry, and voltammetry, etc. In addition to the interface circuit design, other crucial factors, su...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research