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Specialty: Orthopaedics
Source: Clinical Biomechanics
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Total 74 results found since Jan 2013.
Stepping strategies used by post-stroke individuals to maintain margins of stability during walking
Abstract: Background: People recovering from a stroke are less stable during walking compared to able-bodied controls. The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how post-stroke individuals adapt their steady-state gait pattern to maintain or increase their margins of stability during walking, and to examine how these strategies differ from strategies employed by able-bodied people.Methods: Ten post-stroke individuals and 9 age-matched able-bodied individuals walked on the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment. Medio-lateral translations of the walking surface were imposed to manipulate gait stability. To ...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - November 7, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Laura Hak, Han Houdijk, Peter van der Wurff, Maarten R. Prins, Agali Mert, Peter J. Beek, Jaap H. van Dieën Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Temporal structure of variability decreases in upper extremity movements post stroke
The objective of this study was to determine movement variability in the more-affected upper-extremity in chronic stroke survivors. We investigated two hypotheses: (1) individuals with stroke will have increased amount of variability and altered structure of variability in upper-extremity joint movement patterns as compared to age-matched controls; and (2) the degree of motor impairment and joint kinematics will be correlated with the temporal structure of variability.Methods: Sixteen participants with chronic stroke and nine age-matched controls performed three trials of functional reach-to-grasp. The amount of variabilit...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - January 21, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Amit Sethi, Tara Patterson, Theresa McGuirk, Carolynn Patten, Lorie G. Richards, Nicholas Stergiou Tags: Articles Source Type: research
Bilateral coordination and gait symmetry after body-weight supported treadmill training for persons with chronic stroke
Abstract: Background: Locomotor interventions are commonly assessed using functional outcomes, but these outcomes provide limited information about changes toward recovery or compensatory mechanisms. The study purposes were to examine changes in gait symmetry and bilateral coordination following body-weight supported treadmill training in individuals with chronic hemiparesis due to stroke and to compare findings to participants without disability.Methods: Nineteen participants with stroke (>6months) who ambulated between 0.4 and 0.8m/s and 22 participants without disability were enrolled in this repeated-measures study. Th...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - March 4, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Stephanie A. Combs, Eric L. Dugan, Elicia N. Ozimek, Amy B. Curtis Tags: Papers Source Type: research
Correlations between ankle–foot impairments and dropped foot gait deviations among stroke survivors
Abstract: Background: The purpose of this paper is to 1) evaluate the relationship between ankle kinematics during gait and standardized measures of ankle impairments among sub-acute stroke survivors, and 2) compare the degree of stroke-related ankle impairment between individuals with and without dropped foot gait deviations.Methods: Fifty-five independently ambulating stroke survivors participated in this study. Dropped foot was defined as decreased peak dorsiflexion during the swing phase and reduced ankle joint motion in stance. Standardized outcome measures included the Chedoke–McMaster Stroke Assessment (motor impa...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - October 4, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Amanda E. Chisholm, Stephen D. Perry, William E. McIlroy Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
The influence of merged muscle excitation modules on post-stroke hemiparetic walking performance
Abstract: Background: Post-stroke subjects with hemiparesis typically utilize a reduced number of modules or co-excited muscles compared to non-impaired controls, with at least one module resembling the merging of two or more non-impaired modules. In non-impaired walking, each module has distinct contributions to important biomechanical functions, and thus different merged module combinations post-stroke may result in different functional consequences.Methods: Three-dimensional forward dynamics simulations were developed for non-impaired controls and two groups of post-stroke hemiparetic subjects with different merged modu...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - July 8, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jessica L. Allen, Steven A. Kautz, Richard R. Neptune Tags: Papers Source Type: research
The effect of post-stroke lower-limb spasticity on the control of standing balance: Inter-limb spatial and temporal synchronisation of centres of pressure
Abstract: Background: Challenges in stability control are common post-stroke. Although lower-limb spasticity is a common sensorimotor consequence post-stroke, its potential to further complicate stability control among stroke-survivors remains largely unknown. Advancing such understanding can help inform strategies to reduce fall risk and increase independence among these individuals. The purpose of this study was to characterise the extent of limb-specific dyscontrol among individuals with spasticity.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 131 patients assessed for spasticity was performed. Patients selected for inclusion we...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - August 12, 2013 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jonathan C. Singer, Avril Mansfield, Cynthia J. Danells, William E. McIlroy, George Mochizuki Tags: Regular Papers Source Type: research
Effects of hip abduction and adduction accuracy on post-stroke gait
Gait instability often limits post-stroke function, although the mechanisms underlying this instability are not entirely clear. Our recent work has suggested that one possible factor contributing to post-stroke gait instability is a reduced ability to accurately control foot placement. The purpose of the present experiments was to investigate whether post-stroke gait function is related to the ability to accurately abduct and adduct the hip, as required for accurate foot placement.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - March 2, 2017 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jesse C. Dean, Aaron E. Embry, Katy H. Stimpson, Lindsay A. Perry, Steven A. Kautz Tags: Lecture Source Type: research
Characteristics of upper-extremity reactions to sudden lateral loss of balance in persons with stroke
BackgroundUpper-extremity reactions are part of a whole-body response to counterweight the falling center of mass after unexpected balance loss. Impairments in upper-extremity reactions due to unilateral hemiparesis may contribute to stroke survivors' propensity for falling. We aimed to characterize upper-extremity (paretic and non-paretic sides) reactive movements in response to lateral balance perturbations in Persons with Stroke vs. healthy controls.MethodsTwenty-six subacute persons with stroke and 15 healthy controls were exposed to multidirectional sudden unannounced surface translations in stance.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - December 24, 2020 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shirley Handelzalts, Flavia Chen-Steinberg, Nachum Soroker, Guy Shani, Itshak Melzer Tags: Lecture Source Type: research
Ankle stiffness modulation during different gait speeds in individuals post-stroke
Individuals post-stroke did not modulate their ankle quasi-stiffness with increased speed, but across individuals there was a positive relationship between ankle quasi-stiffness and both speed and peak propulsion. Walking speed and propulsion are limited in individuals post-stroke, therefore, improving either could lead to a higher functional status. Understanding post-stroke ankle stiffness may be important in the design of therapeutic interventions and exoskeletons, where these devices augment the biological ankle quasi-stiffness to improve walking performance.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - September 8, 2022 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Erica H. Hinton, Aaron Likens, Hao-Yuan Hsiao, Benjamin I. Binder-Markey, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod, Brian A. Knarr Source Type: research
Effects of walking with loads above the ankle on gait parameters of persons with hemiparesis after stroke
This study investigated the effects of walking with different loads attached above the paretic ankle on biomechanical gait parameters during over ground walking in post-stroke participants.Methods: Ten participants with moderate chronic hemiparesis were evaluated while walking over ground with three different loads (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5kg) attached above the paretic ankle. Gait speed, cadence, step lengths as well as hip and knee angular displacements, joint moments and power of the paretic limb were compared while walking with and without loads.Findings: Walking with a load led to an increased in gait speed (+0.03–0.05m/s)...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - January 8, 2014 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Cyril Duclos, Sylvie Nadeau, Nicholas Bourgeois, Laurent Bouyer, Carol L. Richards Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research
Quantifying Changes In Material Properties Of Stroke-Impaired Muscle
Material properties of muscles are clinically important parameters for evaluating altered muscle function. Stroke survivors display motor impairments almost immediately after the vascular event, and then gradually develop altered muscle properties. Little is known about the magnitude of these changes in muscle material properties, specifically stiffness. Previous measures of stiffness are limited to estimates of joint stiffness or groups of muscles. Thus, our aim was to determine changes in passive muscle stiffness and composition by measuring: 1) shear wave speed using shear wave ultrasound elastography and 2) echo intens...
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - January 21, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Sabrina S.M. Lee, Sam Spear, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research
Changes in center of pressure displacement with the use of a foot drop stimulator in individuals with stroke
Individuals with stroke using a foot drop stimulator contacted the ground more posterior at initial contact and utilized more of the anterior/posterior plantar surface of the foot on the affected limb during stance. With the foot drop stimulator there was also a shift in center of pressure towards the medial side possibly indicating an improvement in equinovarus gait where there is a tendency to load the lateral foot throughout stance. For individuals with stroke a foot drop stimulator can improve displacement of the center of pressure which indicates improved forward progression and stability during walking.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - March 27, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Karen J. Nolan, Mathew Yarossi, Patrick Mclaughlin Source Type: research
The effect of changing plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis on ankle and knee joint angles and moments while walking in patients post stroke
The adjustment of plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis is considered important in patients post stroke, but the evidence is still limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of changing the plantarflexion resistive moment of an articulated ankle–foot orthosis on ankle and knee joint angles and moments in patients post stroke.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - June 25, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Toshiki Kobayashi, Madeline L. Singer, Michael S. Orendurff, Fan Gao, Wayne K. Daly, K. Bo Foreman Source Type: research
Biomechanical Gait Characteristics of Naturally Occurring Unsuccessful Foot Clearance During Swing in Individuals With Chronic Stroke
Altered gait mechanics are common following stroke and may increase the risk of falls. Paretic gait impairments have been previously compared to the non-paretic limb or control participants. Unfortunately, the biomechanical parameters underlying instances of naturally occurring unsuccessful foot clearance (trips) have yet to be examined in individuals with chronic stroke.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - September 2, 2015 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Jessica L. Burpee, Michael D. Lewek Source Type: research
Estimation of tissue stiffness, reflex activity, optimal muscle length and slack length in stroke patients using an electromyography driven antagonistic wrist model
About half of all chronic stroke patients experience loss of arm function coinciding with increased stiffness, reduced range of motion and a flexed wrist due to a change in neural and/or structural tissue properties. Quantitative assessment of these changes is of clinical importance, yet not trivial. The goal of this study was to quantify the neural and structural properties contributing to wrist joint stiffness and to compare these properties between healthy subjects and stroke patients.
Source: Clinical Biomechanics - April 7, 2016 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Karin L. de Gooijer-van de Groep, Erwin de Vlugt, Hanneke J. van der Krogt, Áróra Helgadóttir, J. Hans Arendzen, Carel G.M. Meskers, Jurriaan H. de Groot Source Type: research
