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Source: Seminars in Neurology
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Total 93 results found since Jan 2013.
Review on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1702942Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a clinical–radiologic diagnosis that affects children and adolescents, but it is much more frequently reported in adults. Clinically, patients present with severe and commonly recurrent thunderclap headaches. Typical precipitating triggers include vasoactive substances, serotonergic agents, and the postpartum period. There may be associated neurologic complications at presentation or in the weeks following, such as convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, cerebral edema, cervical artery dissection (CeAD), and seizures. Angio...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 19, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Qubty, William Irwin, Samantha Lee Fox, Christine K. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Clinical Review
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705123Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is an emerging disorder primarily affecting children that is characterized by acute flaccid paralysis accompanied by abnormalities of the spinal cord gray matter on magnetic resonance imaging. In most cases, prodromal fever or respiratory symptoms occur, followed by acute-onset flaccid limb weakness. Respiratory, axial, bulbar, facial, and extraocular muscles may also be affected. The clinical manifestations have been described as “polio-like,” due to striking similarities to cases of poliomyelitis. The primary site of injury in AFM is the anterior ho...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - March 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Murphy, Olwen C. Pardo, Carlos A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Neuropathology of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: The Status of the Literature
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713632Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a tauopathy associated with repetitive mild head trauma, including concussion and asymptomatic subconcussive impacts. CTE was first recognized in boxers almost a century ago and has been identified more recently in contact sports athletes, military veterans exposed to blast, and victims of domestic violence. Like most neurodegenerative diseases, CTE is diagnosed conclusively by a neuropathological examination of brain tissue. CTE is characterized by the buildup of hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), neurites, an...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - July 25, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: McKee, Ann C. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Sudomotor Dysfunction
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713847Disorders of sudomotor function are common and diverse in their presentations. Hyperhidrosis or hypohidrosis in generalized or regional neuroanatomical patterns can provide clues to neurologic localization and inform neurologic diagnosis. Conditions that impair sudomotor function include small fiber peripheral neuropathy, sudomotor neuropathy, myelopathy, α-synucleinopathies, autoimmune autonomic ganglionopathy, antibody-mediated hyperexcitability syndromes, and a host of medications. Particularly relevant to neurologic practice is the detection of postganglionic sudomotor deficits ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - September 8, 2020 Category: Neurology Authors: Cheshire, William P. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Acute Stroke
Semin Neurol 2021; 41: 003-003 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722922 Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY 10001, USAArticle in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents | Full text
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 22, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sangha, Navdeep Ishida, Koto Tags: Preface Source Type: research
Brain Injury in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726284Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents an established technique to provide temporary cardiac and/or pulmonary support. ECMO, in veno-venous, veno-arterial or in extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal modality, is associated with a high rate of brain injuries. These complications have been reported in 7 to 15% of adults and 20% of neonates, and are associated with poor survival. Thromboembolic events, loss of cerebral autoregulation, alteration of the blood–brain barrier, and hemorrhage related to anticoagulation represent the main causes of severe brain injury during ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Chiarini, Giovanni Cho, Sung-Min Whitman, Glenn Rasulo, Frank Lorusso, Roberto Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Cerebrovascular Disease and Cognitive Outcome in Patients with Cardiac Disease
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726330The pace of understanding cognitive decline and dementia has rapidly accelerated over the past decade, with constantly evolving insights into the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Notably, more overlap has been discovered in the pathophysiology between what was previously understood to be Alzheimer's disease and VCID, leading to a heightened emphasis on disease prevention through early and aggressive control of vascular risk factors. One particularly vulnerable population may be those with cardiac disease, as they are at risk for cerebrovascular dise...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - April 13, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Johansen, Michelle C. Gottesman, Rebecca F. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neurological Complications of Cardiac Procedures
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728761Neurological complications after cardiac surgery and percutaneous cardiac interventions are not uncommon. These include periprocedural stroke, postoperative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery, contrast-induced encephalopathy after percutaneous interventions, and seizures. In this article, we review the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of these complications. Improved understanding of these complications could lead to their prevention, faster detection, and facilitation of diagnostic workup and appropriate treatment. [...] Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - June 15, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Hrdlicka, Courtney M. Wang, Jeffrey Selim, Magdy Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Anticoagulation in Acute Neurological Disease
Semin Neurol 2021; 41: 530-540 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733793While anticoagulation and its reversal have been of clinical relevance for decades, recent academic and technological advances have expanded the repertoire of its application in neurological disease. The advent of direct oral anticoagulants provides effective, mechanistically elegant, and relatively safer therapeutic options than warfarin for eligible patients at risk for neurological sequelae of prothrombotic states, particularly given the recent availability of corresponding reversal agents. In this review, we examine the provenance, indications, safety, and rever...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - October 7, 2021 Category: Neurology Authors: Sasannejad, Cina Sheth, Kevin N. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for the Neurological Patient: Scientific Principles and Applications
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742265Non-invasive brain stimulation has been increasingly recognized for its potential as an investigational, diagnostic and therapeutic tool across the clinical neurosciences. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive method of focal neuromodulation. Diagnostically, TMS can be used to probe cortical excitability and plasticity, as well as for functional mapping. Therapeutically, depending on the pattern employed, TMS can either facilitate or inhibit stimulated cortex potentially modulating maladaptive physiology through its effects on neuroplasticity. Despite this potenti...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - February 25, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Eldaief, Mark C. Dickerson, Bradford C. Camprodon, Joan A. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
The Curing Coma Campaign and the Future of Coma Research
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 393-402 DOI: 10.1055/a-1887-7104Recovery from coma or disordered consciousness is a central issue in patients with acute brain injuries such as stroke, trauma, cardiac arrest, and brain infections. Yet, major gaps remain in the scientific underpinnings of coma and this has led to inaccuracy in prognostication and limited interventions for coma recovery. Even so, recent studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms of consciousness early and prolonged after acute brain injury and some pilot interventions have begun to be tested. The importance and scope of this led in 2019 to the development of the Curin...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - September 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Olson, DaiWai M. Hemphill, J Claude Provencio, J Javier Vespa, Paul Mainali, Shraddha Polizzotto, Len Kim, Keri S. McNett, Molly Ziai, Wendy Suarez, Jose I. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Preventive Approaches in Women's Neurology: Prepartum, Pregnancy, and Postpartum
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0633Women's neurology is the subspecialty within neurology concerned with the distinct healthcare needs of women. In this article, we review current literature and expert management strategies regarding disease-specific neurologic concerns of women, with an emphasis on issues related to contraception, pregnancy, and lactation. Health conditions that we discuss in this article include epilepsy, headache, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Chiari I malformation. Current findings on neurologic disease in women suggest that many women with neurologic disease can safely manage their disease during ...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - November 17, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Kirkpatrick, Laura Waters, Janet O'Neal, Mary Angela Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Sleep Disturbances in Neurological Disease: A Target for Intervention
Semin Neurol 2022; 42: 639-657 DOI: 10.1055/a-1958-0710Sleep is a biological function required for neurological and general health, but a significant and under-recognized proportion of the population has disturbed sleep. Here, we briefly overview the biology of sleep, sleep requirements over the lifespan, and common sleep disorders. We then turn our attention to five neurological diseases that significantly contribute to global disease burden and neurology practice makeup: epilepsy, headache, ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. For each disease, we review evidence that sleep disturbances contribu...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - December 13, 2022 Category: Neurology Authors: Khambadkone, Seva G. Benjamin, Sara E. Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Neuro-Ophthalmic Visual Impairment in the Setting of COVID-19
We describe and elaborate on mechanisms of disease, including para-infectious inflammation, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, and direct neurotropic viral invasion. Despite global vaccination programs, new variants of COVID-19 continue to pose an international threat, and patients with rare neuro-ophthalmic complications are likely to continue to present for care.Afferent complications from COVID-19 include homonymous visual field loss, with or without higher cortical visual syndromes, resulting from stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy. Optic neuritis has frequently been repo...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - June 13, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Dinkin, Marc Sathi, Swetha Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
Endovascular Treatment for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Due to Underlying Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease
Semin Neurol DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771207Intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is one of the most common causes of acute ischemic stroke worldwide. Patients with acute large vessel occlusion due to underlying ICAD (ICAD-LVO) often do not achieve successful recanalization when undergoing mechanical thrombectomy (MT) alone, requiring rescue treatment, including intra-arterial thrombolysis, balloon angioplasty, and stenting. Therefore, early detection of ICAD-LVO before the procedure is important to enable physicians to select the optimal treatment strategy for ICAD-LVO to improve clinical outcomes. Early diagnosis of IC...
Source: Seminars in Neurology - August 7, 2023 Category: Neurology Authors: Huo, Xiaochuan Sun, Dapeng Chen, Wenhuo Han, Hongxing Abdalkader, Mohamad Puetz, Volker Yi, Tingyu Wang, Hao Liu, Raynald Tong, Xu Jia, Baixue Ma, Ning Gao, Feng Mo, Dapeng Yan, Bernard Mitchell, Peter J. Leung, Thomas W. Yavagal, Dileep R. Albers, Gregor Tags: Review Article Source Type: research
