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Dietary Vitamin C in Human Health.
Abstract Vitamin C is essential to prevent scurvy in humans and is implicated in the primary prevention of common and complex diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This chapter reviews the latest knowledge about dietary vitamin C in human health with an emphasis on studies of the molecular mechanisms of vitamin C maintenance as well as gene-nutrient interactions modifying these relationships. Epidemiological evidence indicates 5% prevalence for vitamin C deficiency and 13% prevalence for suboptimal status even in industrialized countries. The daily intake (dose) and the corresponding systemi...
Source: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research - February 27, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Granger M, Eck P Tags: Adv Food Nutr Res Source Type: research

Vitamin B12.
Abstract The biosynthesis of B12, involving up to 30 different enzyme-mediated steps, only occurs in bacteria. Thus, most eukaryotes require an external source of B12, and yet the vitamin appears to have only two functions in eukaryotes: as a cofactor for the enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonylCoA mutase. These two functions are crucial for normal health in humans, and in particular, the formation of methionine is essential for providing methyl groups for over 100 methylation processes. Interference with the methionine synthase reaction not only depletes the body of methyl groups but also leads to the ac...
Source: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research - February 27, 2018 Category: Nutrition Authors: Smith AD, Warren MJ, Refsum H Tags: Adv Food Nutr Res Source Type: research

Potassium
Adv Food Nutr Res. 2021;96:89-121. doi: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.013. Epub 2021 May 24.ABSTRACTPotassium is an essential nutrient that performs a vital role in cellular functions including maintaining fluid balance and osmolality of cells. Potassium balance is maintained by the kidney and the majority of ingested potassium is excreted in the urine. There is strong evidence of a negative association between dietary potassium and blood pressure, and some evidence (much of it indirect) of negative associations between dietary potassium and cardiovascular disease (particularly stroke and coronary heart disease) and kidney disea...
Source: Advances in Food and Nutrition Research - June 11, 2021 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rachael Mira McLean Nan Xin Wang Source Type: research

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