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IMM‐H004 prevents toxicity induced by delayed treatment of tPA in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia involving PKA‐and PI3K‐dependent Akt activation
Abstract Ischemic stroke is currently treated with thrombolytic therapy with a drawback to induce hemorrhagic transformation (HT) if applied beyond its relatively narrow treatment time window. The present study was designed to examine the role of IMM‐H004, a derivative of coumarin, in recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)‐induced HT. Rats subjected to 6 h of thromboembolic occlusion or middle cerebral artery occlusion received tPA with or without IMM‐H004. Delayed tPA intervention drastically increased the risk of HT and exaggerated the ischemic injury. To assess the effect of IMM‐H004 on delayed treatmen...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - March 20, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Wei Zuo, Jiao Chen, Shuai Zhang, Jia Tang, Hang Liu, Dongming Zhang, Naihong Chen Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Predominant endothelial vasomotor activity during human sleep: a near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Abstract Vasomotion is important in the study of vascular disorders, including stroke. Spontaneous low and very low hemodynamic oscillations (3–150 mHz) measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) reflect the endothelial (3–20 mHz), neurogenic (20–40 mHz) and myogenic (40–150 mHz) components of vasomotion. We investigated sleep‐specific patterns of vasomotion by characterizing hemodynamic oscillations with NIRS in healthy subjects, and tested the feasibility of NIRS as a bedside tool for monitoring vasomotion during whole‐night sleep. To characterize local cerebral vasomotion, we compared cerebral NIR...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - August 1, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Zhongxing Zhang, Ramin Khatami Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Issue Cover (November 2014)
Cover Illustration: Spontaneous exploration of an enriched environment in awake, behaving rats can completely protect the cortex from impending stroke. In rats placed under ischemic duress via middle cerebral artery occlusion, cortical activation via sensory and motor activity within three hours of ischemic onset is sufficient to induce neuroprotection. For details see the article of Lay & Frostig (Complete protection from impending stroke following permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in awake, behaving rats. Eur. J. Neurosci., 40, 3413–3421).
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 2, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Tags: Issue Cover Source Type: research

Genetic deletion of the pge2 ep3 receptor improves anatomical and functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage
This study aimed to investigate the contribution of this pathway in modulating anatomical outcomes and functional recovery following ICH. Genetic deletion of the EP3 receptor resulted in 48.2 ± 7.3% less ICH‐induced brain injury (p < 0.005) and improved functional recovery (p < 0.05), as identified by neurological deficit scoring. To start investigating the mechanisms involved in neuroprotection with impaired PGE2‐EP3 signaling, histological staining was performed to evaluate blood and ferric iron accumulation, neuroinflammation, blood brain barrier dysfunction, and peripheral neutrophil infiltration. After ICH,...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - April 3, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Jenna L Leclerc, Andrew S Lampert, Matthew A Diller, Sylvain Doré Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Opposite Roles of Bradykinin B1 and B2 Receptors during Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Diabetic Rats
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - November 13, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hongfei Sang, Ling Liu, Liumin Wang, Zhongming Qiu, Min Li, Linjie Yu, Hao Zhang, Ruifeng Shi, Shuhong Yu, Ruibing Guo, Ruidong Ye, Xinfeng Liu, Renliang Zhang Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Opposite roles of bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors during cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in experimental diabetic rats
In this study, we hypothesized that bradykinin 1 receptor (B1R) and bradykinin 2 receptor (B2R) would be upregulated and participate in the regulation of diabetic ischaemic stroke. To investigate this, we first evaluated B1R and B2R expression at different time points after I/R in non‐diabetic and diabetic rats (Sprague–Dawley) by using real‐time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Then, pharmacological inhibitors were separately administered via the tail vein to analyse their effects on cerebral ischaemia in diabetics. Both receptors were significan...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - January 3, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Hongfei Sang, Ling Liu, Liumin Wang, Zhongming Qiu, Min Li, Linjie Yu, Hao Zhang, Ruifeng Shi, Shuhong Yu, Ruibing Guo, Ruidong Ye, Xinfeng Liu, Renliang Zhang Tags: Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Source Type: research

Knockdown of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 affects ischaemia‐induced astrocyte activation and glial scar formation
Abstract Reactive astrocytes play an essential role in determining the tissue response to ischaemia. Formation of a glial scar can block the neuronal outgrowth that is required for restoration of damaged tissue. Therefore, regulation of astrocyte activation is important; however, the mediator of this process has not been fully elucidated. Apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is an early responder to oxidative stress, and plays a pivotal role in the intracellular signalling pathway of apoptosis, inflammation, and differentiation. To confirm whether ASK1 mediates astrocyte activation and leads to glial scar formatio...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - February 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: So Yeong Cheon, Kyoung Joo Cho, Juhyun Song, Gyung Whan Kim Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Challenges of proper placebo control for non‐invasive brain stimulation in clinical and experimental applications
Abstract A range of techniques are now available for modulating the activity of the brain in healthy people and people with neurological conditions. These techniques, including transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial current stimulation (tCS, which includes direct and alternating current), create magnetic or electrical fields that cross the intact skull and affect neural processing in brain areas near to the scalp location where the stimulation is delivered. TMS and tCS have proved to be valuable tools in behavioural neuroscience laboratories, where causal involvement of specific brain areas in specific ta...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - July 21, 2013 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Nick J. Davis, Edward Gold, Alvaro Pascual‐Leone, R. Martyn Bracewell Tags: Technical Spotlight Source Type: research

Attenuation of urokinase activity during experimental ischaemia protects the cerebral barrier from damage through regulation of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and NAD(P)H oxidase
In this study, we investigated the molecular causes of this defect with regard to the putative correlations among NAD(P)H oxidase, plasminogen–plasmin system components, and matrix metalloproteinases. Hence, the activities of NAD(P)H oxidase, matrix metalloproteinase‐2, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (uPA), and tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA), and superoxide anion levels, were assessed in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) exposed to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) alone or OGD followed by reperfusion (OGD + R). The integrity of an in vitro model of BBB comprising HBMECs and ast...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - March 20, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Kamini Rakkar, Kirtiman Srivastava, Ulvi Bayraktutan Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Action observation with kinesthetic illusion can produce human motor plasticity
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - April 17, 2015 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Ippei Nojima, Satoko Koganemaru, Toshio Kawamata, Hidenao Fukuyama, Tatsuya Mima Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Knockdown of ASK1 affects ischemia‐induced astrocyte activation and glial scar formation
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - January 21, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: So Yeong Cheon, Kyoung Joo Cho, Juhyun Song, Gyung Whan Kim Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Early Glycogen Synthase Kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) and Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) independent tau dephosphorylation during global brain ischemia and reperfusion following cardiac arrest and the role of the Adenosine Monophosphate Kinase (AMPK) pathway
This study assessed the effects of global brain ischemia/reperfusion on the immediate status of p‐tau in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA) followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We reported an early dephosphorylation of tau at its AMPK sensitive residues, Ser396 and Ser262after 2 min of ischemia, which did not recover during up to two hours of reperfusion, while the tau phosphorylation at GSK‐3β sensitive but AMPK insensitive residues, Ser202/Thr205 (AT8), as well as the total amount of tau remained unchanged. Our data showed no alteration in the activities of GSK‐3β and PP2A during similar episodes of i...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - May 13, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shohreh Majd, John H. T Power, Simon A. Koblar, Hugh J. M Grantham Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Early glycogen synthase kinase‐3β and protein phosphatase 2A independent tau dephosphorylation during global brain ischaemia and reperfusion following cardiac arrest and the role of the adenosine monophosphate kinase pathway
This study assessed the effects of global brain ischaemia/reperfusion on the immediate status of p‐tau in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA) followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We reported an early dephosphorylation of tau at its AMPK sensitive residues, Ser396 and Ser262after 2 min of ischaemia, which did not recover during the first two hours of reperfusion, while the tau phosphorylation at GSK‐3β sensitive but AMPK insensitive residues, Ser202/Thr205 (AT8), as well as the total amount of tau remained unchanged. Our data showed no alteration in the activities of GSK‐3β and PP2A during similar episod...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - June 7, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shohreh Majd, John H. T. Power, Simon A. Koblar, Hugh J. M. Grantham Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

Early glycogen synthase kinase ‐3β and protein phosphatase 2A independent tau dephosphorylation during global brain ischaemia and reperfusion following cardiac arrest and the role of the adenosine monophosphate kinase pathway
This study assessed the effects of global brain ischaemia/reperfusion on the immediate status of p‐tau in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA) followed by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We reported an early dephosphorylation of tau at its AMPK sensitive residues, Ser396 and Ser262after 2 min of ischaemia, which did not recover during the first two hours of reperfusion, while the tau phosphorylation at GSK‐3β sensitive but AMPK insensitive residues, Ser202/Thr205 (AT8), as well as the total amount of tau remained unchanged. Our data showed no alteration in the activities of GSK‐3β and PP2A during similar episod...
Source: European Journal of Neuroscience - June 7, 2016 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Shohreh Majd, John H. T. Power, Simon A. Koblar, Hugh J. M. Grantham Tags: Research Report Source Type: research

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