• Filter By:
• Specialty
• Source
• Condition
• Cancer
• Infectious Disease
• Drug
• Training
• Management
• Procedure
• Therapy
• Vaccine
• Nutrition
• Country

Management of Stroke in the Neurocritical Care Unit
This article provides updated information regarding the diagnosis and treatment (specifically critical care management) of acute ischemic stroke. This article also discusses the increased use of thrombolysis and thrombectomy in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS Stroke is the leading cause of disability in the United States. A significant proportion of patients with acute ischemic stroke require critical care management. Much has changed in the early evaluation and treatment of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke. The introduction of embolectomy in large vessel occlusions for up to 24 hours post–symptom ons...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - December 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: REVIEW ARTICLES Source Type: research

Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of the most common neurologic conditions associated with HIV infection and ART.
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - October 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

The Migraine Aura
This article discusses the basic mechanisms of migraine aura and its clinical significance based upon evidence from human studies and animal models. RECENT FINDINGS Prospective clinical studies have reinforced the understanding that migraine aura is highly variable from one individual to the next as well as from attack to attack in an individual. While migraine with aura clearly has a higher heritability than migraine without aura, population studies have not identified specific genes that underlie this heritability for typical migraine with aura. Imaging studies reveal hypoperfusion associated with migraine aura, altho...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Primary Progressive Aphasia and Stroke Aphasia
This article summarizes the clinical and anatomic features of the three named variants of primary progressive aphasia (PPA): semantic variant PPA, nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA, and logopenic variant PPA. Three stroke aphasia syndromes that resemble the PPA variants (Broca aphasia, Wernicke aphasia, and conduction aphasia) are also presented. RECENT FINDINGS Semantic variant PPA and Wernicke aphasia are characterized by fluent speech with naming and comprehension difficulty; these syndromes are associated with disease in different portions of the left temporal lobe. Patients with nonfluent/agrammatic variant PPA or B...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Apraxia, Neglect, and Agnosia
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In part because of their striking clinical presentations, disorders of higher nervous system function figured prominently in the early history of neurology. These disorders are not merely historical curiosities, however. As apraxia, neglect, and agnosia have important clinical implications, it is important to possess a working knowledge of the conditions and how to identify them. RECENT FINDINGS Apraxia is a disorder of skilled action that is frequently observed in the setting of dominant hemisphere pathology, whether from stroke or neurodegenerative disorders. In contrast to some previous teaching, ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Other Neonatal Encephalopathies
ABSTRACTPURPOSE OF REVIEWNeonatal encephalopathy is the most common condition in neonates encountered by child neurologists. The etiology is most often global hypoxia-ischemia due to failure of cerebral perfusion to the fetus caused by uterine, placental, or umbilical cord compromise prior to or during delivery. Other etiologies of neonatal encephalopathy include ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage, infection, developmental anomalies, and inborn errors of metabolism.RECENT FINDINGSTherapeutic hypothermia is standard of care for the treatment of neonatal encephalopathy presumed to be caused by hypoxia-ischemia. The ...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Evaluation and Acute Management of Ischemic Stroke in Infants and Children
This article provides an overview of stroke in neonates, infants, and children.RECENT FINDINGSArterial ischemic stroke and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are increasingly recognized in childhood as important causes of lifelong morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis of arterial ischemic stroke is frequently delayed, as acute neurologic deficits can be challenging to detect in the young child, and stroke is often not considered in the differential diagnosis. Neurologic sequelae following stroke are common, and strategies to minimize stroke size and optimize recovery are being developed. Recurrent arterial ischemic stroke is no...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Neurologic Complications in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
This article discusses an approach to the recognition and management of seizures, stroke, and cardiac arrest as complications of other critical illnesses in the pediatric intensive care unit.RECENT FINDINGSConvulsive and nonconvulsive seizures occur frequently in children after cardiac arrest or traumatic brain injury and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Seizures may add to neurologic morbidity, and continuous EEG monitoring is needed for up to 24 hours for detection. Hypothermia has not been shown to improve outcome after cardiac arrest in children, but targeted temperature management with controlled normotherm...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2018 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Sleep-Disordered Breathing
ABSTRACT: Purpose of Review: Sleep-disordered breathing encompasses a broad spectrum of sleep-related breathing disorders, including obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea, as well as sleep-related hypoventilation and hypoxemia. Diagnostic criteria have been updated in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Manual for Scoring Sleep and Associated Events. Neurologic providers should have basic knowledge and skills to identify at-risk patients, as these disorders are associated with substantial morbidity, the treatment of which is largely reve...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - August 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Neurologic Complications of Cardiac and Aortic Disease
This article discusses neurologic complications that can arise from cardiac and aortic disease and dysfunction. Recent Findings: Advances in the care of patients with cardiac or aortic disease include the use of prolonged cardiac monitoring in cryptogenic stroke and the approval of the use of left atrial appendage closure devices for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation who are not candidates for anticoagulation. Continuing controversy surrounds patent foramen ovale closure, and new evidence indicates that cognitive impairment following coronary artery bypass grafting surgery may be less common than prev...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - June 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Stroke Epidemiology and Risk Factor Management
This article reviews the current recommendations for the management of each of these modifiable risk factors. Recent Findings: It has been documented that some blood pressure medications may increase variability of blood pressure and ultimately increase the risk for stroke. Stroke prevention typically includes antiplatelet therapy (unless an indication for anticoagulation exists), so the most recent evidence supporting use of these drugs is reviewed. In addition, emerging risk factors, such as obstructive sleep apnea, electronic cigarettes, and elevated lipoprotein (a), are discussed. Summary: Overall, secondary stroke p...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Clinical Evaluation of the Patient With Acute Stroke
This article reviews the clinical evaluation of the patient with acute stroke, including key questions in the focused stroke history, important aspects of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and focused neurologic examination, and the significance of the basic head CT scan in informing a timely treatment decision. Recent Findings: Advances in both stroke treatment and enhanced diagnostics support an evolving paradigm for acute stroke care, ranging from the prehospital setting to the rehabilitative setting. An international emphasis on best practice strategies promotes efficiency and standardization in stroke sy...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke
This article provides an update on the state of the art of the emergency treatment of acute ischemic stroke with particular emphasis on the alternatives for reperfusion therapy. Recent Findings: The results of several randomized controlled trials consistently and conclusively demonstrating that previously functional patients with disabling strokes from a proximal intracranial artery occlusion benefit from prompt recanalization with mechanical thrombectomy using a retrievable stent have changed the landscape of acute stroke therapy. Mechanical thrombectomy within 6 hours of symptom onset should now be considered the prefer...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack
This article reviews the diagnosis, investigation, and recommended management after a transient ischemic attack (TIA) and discusses how to make an accurate diagnosis, including the diagnosis of mimics of TIAs. Recent Findings: Up to a 10% risk of recurrent stroke exists after a TIA, and up to 80% of this risk is preventable with urgent assessment and treatment. Imaging of the brain and intracranial and extracranial blood vessels using CT, CT angiography, carotid Doppler ultrasound, and MRI is an important part of the diagnostic assessment. Treatment options include anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation, carotid revascul...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Prevention and Management of Poststroke Complications
This article provides a synopsis of the immediate and delayed medical complications of stroke, with an emphasis on prevention and management of these complications. Recent Findings: Meta-analysis of the trials for endovascular treatment of acute stroke shows no significant increase in hemorrhagic events. Rehabilitation guidelines published by the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association in 2016 aid in providing the best clinical practice for patients with stroke, from the time of their initial hospitalization to their return to the community. Summary: Medical complications from stroke are common and are...
Source: CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology - February 1, 2017 Category: Neurology Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Pages: 1  2  3  4