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Uric Acid and Gluconic Acid as Predictors of Hyperglycemia and Cytotoxic Injury after Stroke
AbstractHyperglycemia is a feature of worse brain injury after acute ischemic stroke, but the underlying metabolic changes and the link to cytotoxic brain injury are not fully understood. In this observational study, we applied regression and machine learning classification analyses to identify metabolites associated with hyperglycemia and a neuroimaging proxy for cytotoxic brain injury. Metabolomics and lipidomics were carried out using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in admission plasma samples from 381 patients presenting with an acute stroke. Glucose was measured by a central clinical laboratory, and a s...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Predictors of Successful First-Pass Thrombectomy with a Balloon Guide Catheter: Results of a Decision Tree Analysis
AbstractComplete recanalization after a single retrieval maneuver is an interventional goal in acute ischemic stroke and an independent factor for good clinical outcome. Anatomical biomarkers for predicting clot removal difficulties have not been comprehensively analyzed and await unused. We retrospectively evaluated 200 consecutive patients who suffered acute stroke and occlusion of the anterior circulation and were treated with mechanical thrombectomy through a balloon guide catheter (BGC). The primary objective was to evaluate the influence of carotid tortuosity and BGC positioning on the one-pass Modified Thrombolysis ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - September 10, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

p5 Peptide-Loaded Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in a Rat Model
In conclusion, administration of hADMSC-loaded p5 peptide to post-stroke rats created conditions that supported survival of drug-loaded hADMSCs after cerebral ischemia, suggesting its therapeutic potential in patients with stroke.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - May 5, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Clot Analog Attenuation in Non-contrast CT Predicts Histology: an Experimental Study Using Machine Learning
AbstractExact histological clot composition remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the best imaging variables to be extrapolated on clot composition and clarify variability in the imaging of thrombi by non-contrast CT. Using a CT-phantom and covering a wide range of histologies, we analyzed 80 clot analogs with respect to X-ray attenuation at 24 and 48  h after production. The mean, maximum, and minimum HU values for the axial and coronal reconstructions were recorded. Each thrombus underwent a corresponding histological analysis, together with a laboratory analysis of water and iron contents. Decision...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 13, 2020 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Texture Features of Magnetic Resonance Images: an Early Marker of Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment
AbstractStroke is frequently associated with delayed, long-term cognitive impairment (CI) and dementia. Recent research has focused on identifying early predictive markers of CI occurrence. We carried out a texture analysis of magnetic resonance (MR) images to identify predictive markers of CI occurrence based on a combination of preclinical and clinical data. Seventy-two-hour post-stroke T1W MR images of 160 consecutive patients were examined, including 75 patients with confirmed CI at the 6-month post-stroke neuropsychological examination. Texture features were measured in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex and compar...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - October 31, 2019 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Remote Limb Ischemic Conditioning and Motor Learning: Evaluation of Factors Influencing Response in Older Adults
AbstractRemote limb ischemic conditioning (RLIC) is a clinically feasible method of promoting tissue protection against subsequent ischemic insult. Recent findings from our lab demonstrated that RLIC robustly enhances motor learning in young, healthy humans. The next step is to determine which individuals would receive maximum benefit from RLIC before applying these findings to clinical rehabilitation populations such as stroke. Numerous factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and cardiovascular comorbidities may influence the response. Sixty-nine participants aged 40 –80 were randomized to receive either RLIC ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 7, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Recurrent Hypoglycemia Exacerbates Cerebral Ischemic Damage in Diabetic Rats via Enhanced Post-Ischemic Mitochondrial Dysfunction
AbstractDiabetes significantly increases the risk of stroke and post-stroke mortality. Recurrent hypoglycemia (RH) is common among diabetes patients owing to glucose-lowering therapies. Earlier, we showed that RH in a rat model of insulin-dependent diabetes exacerbates cerebral ischemic damage. Impaired mitochondrial function has been implicated as a central player in the development of cerebral ischemic damage. Hypoglycemia is also known to affect mitochondrial functioning. The present study tested the hypothesis that prior exposure of insulin-treated diabetic (ITD) rats to RH exacerbates brain damage via enhanced post-is...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - March 22, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Delayed Recanalization Promotes Functional Recovery in Rats Following Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion
AbstractMost large vessel stroke patients have permanent occlusion, for which there are no current treatment options. Recent case studies have indicated delayed recanalization, that is recanalization outside of the 6-h treatment window, may lead to improved outcome. We hypothesized that delayed recanalization will restore cerebral blood flow, leading to improved function in rats. Male SD rats were subjected to pMCAO or sham surgery. Delayed recanalization was performed on either day 3, 7, or 14 after pMCAO in a subset of animals. Cerebral blood flow was monitored during suture insertion, during recanalization, and then at ...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 21, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Beneficial Effects of Delayed P7C3-A20 Treatment After Transient MCAO in Rats
AbstractDespite ischemic stroke being the fifth leading cause of death in the USA, there are few therapeutic options available. We recently showed that the neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 reduced brain atrophy, increased neurogenesis, and improved functional recovery when treatment was initiated immediately post-reperfusion after a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). In the present study, we investigated a more clinically relevant therapeutic window for P7C3-A20 treatment after ischemic stroke. MCAO rats were administered P7C3-A20 for 1  week, beginning immediately or at a delayed point, 6 h post-reperfusio...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 25, 2017 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Severity-Dependent Long-Term Spatial Learning-Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Traumatic Brain Injury
This study revealed that long-term spatial learning-memory deficits are dependent on the severity of destruction in the white matter and hippocampus. Therapeutic strategies targeting both the white matter and hippocampus may be needed to improve the neurological functions in TBI victims.
Source: Translational Stroke Research - August 17, 2016 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Improves the Neurofunctional Recovery of Rats Following Traumatic Brain Injury via an Increase in Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Abstract Previous studies show that circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote angiogenesis, which is a process associated with improved recovery in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) plays a protective role following stroke. Thus, it was hypothesized that rhEPO would enhance recovery following brain injury in a rat model of TBI via an increase in the mobilization of EPCs and, subsequently, in angiogenesis. Flow cytometry assays using CD34- and CD133-specific antibodies were utilized to identify alterations in EPC levels, CD31 and CD34 ant...
Source: Translational Stroke Research - January 23, 2015 Category: Neurology Source Type: research

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