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Spatial cognitive rehabilitation and motor recovery after stroke
Purpose of review: Stroke rehabilitation needs to take major steps forward to reduce functional disability for survivors. In this article, we suggest that spatial retraining might greatly increase the efficiency and efficacy of motor rehabilitation, directly addressing the burden and cost of paralysis after stroke. Recent findings: Combining motor and cognitive treatment may be practical, as well as addressing the needs after moderate-to-severe stroke. Spatial neglect could suppress motor recovery and reduce motor learning, even when patients receive appropriate rehabilitation to build strength, dexterity, and endurance. S...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 7, 2014 Category: Neurology Tags: DEGENERATIVE AND COGNITIVE DISEASES: Edited by Gabriella Bottini Source Type: research

Influence of skill and exercise training parameters on locomotor recovery during stroke rehabilitation
Purpose of review: Research findings from the fields of motor learning and exercise physiology suggest specific training parameters that can be manipulated during physical rehabilitation profoundly influence skilled task performance. This review details the rationale for some of these training variables and their application in selected intervention studies focused on improving walking function in patients poststroke. Recent findings: Basic and applied studies have shown that the amount, intensity, and variability of specific task practice applied during rehabilitation interventions can affect recovery of walking poststro...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Bruce H. Dobkin Source Type: research

Four birds with one stone? Reparative, neuroplastic, cardiorespiratory, and metabolic benefits of aerobic exercise poststroke
Purpose of review: Converging evidence from animal models of stroke and clinical trials suggests that aerobic exercise has effects across multiple targets. Recent findings: The subacute phase is characterized by a period of heightened neuroplasticity when aerobic exercise has the potential to optimize recovery. In animals, low intensity aerobic exercise shrinks lesion size and reduces cell death and inflammation, beginning 24 h poststroke. Also in animals, aerobic exercise upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor near the lesion and improves learning. In terms of neuroplastic effects, clinical trial results are les...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Bruce H. Dobkin Source Type: research

Retinal vessel changes in cerebrovascular disease
Purpose of review The retina is growingly recognized as a window into cerebrovascular and systemic vascular conditions. The utility of noninvasive retinal vessel biomarkers in cerebrovascular risk assessment has expanded due to advances in retinal imaging techniques and machine learning-based digital analysis. The purpose of this review is to underscore the latest evidence linking retinal vascular abnormalities with stroke and vascular-related cognitive disorders; to highlight modern developments in retinal vascular imaging modalities and software-based vasculopathy quantification. Recent findings Longitudinal studies...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - January 17, 2020 Category: Neurology Tags: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY: Edited by Heather E. Moss Source Type: research

Behavioral self-management strategies for practice and exercise should be included in neurologic rehabilitation trials and care
Purpose of review: Rehabilitation trials and postacute care to lessen impairments and disability after stroke, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury almost never include training to promote long-term self-management of skills practice, strengthening and fitness. Without behavioral training to develop self-efficacy, clinical trials, and home-based therapy may fail to show robust results. Recent findings: Behavioral theories about self-management and self-efficacy for physical activity have been successfully incorporated into interventions for chronic diseases, but rarely for neurologic rehabilitation. The elements...
Source: Current Opinion in Neurology - November 8, 2016 Category: Neurology Tags: TRAUMA AND REHABILITATION: Edited by Bruce H. Dobkin Source Type: research