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The Adult with Repaired Coarctation: Need for Lifelong Surveillance
Discussion of these long-term complications is the focus of this article.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - January 21, 2016 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

CHA2DS2-VASC and CHADS2 Scores Predict Adverse Clinical Events in Patients With Pacemakers and Sinus Node Dysfunction Independent of Atrial Fibrillation
Conclusions Both CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores predict risk of death or stroke in patients with sick sinus syndrome, regardless of AF history. These scores could be risk-stratification tools for clinical events that might respond to new therapies—ie, anticoagulation or other interventions—even in the absence of AF.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - July 26, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Novel Approaches in Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The HOPE-3 Trial Rationale, Design and Participants’ Baseline Characteristics
Conclusions The HOPE-3 trial will provide new information on cholesterol and BP lowering in intermediate risk populations with average cholesterol and BP levels and is expected to inform approaches to primary prevention worldwide (HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923). Teaser The HOPE-3 trial is a large international randomized trial evaluating whether cholesterol lowering with a statin, BP lowering with low doses of two antihypertensives and their combination safely reduce major CV events in people at intermediate risk, with no previous vascular events and with average cholesterol and BP levels. The trial enrolle...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - July 9, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Effect of Nocturnal Intermittent Hypoxia on Left Atrial Appendage Flow Velocity in Atrial Fibrillation
Conclusions Nocturnal intermittent hypoxia was an independent determinant for low LAA flow velocity in patients with AF, suggesting that the connection between SDB and LAA function might underlie the association of AF with stroke.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - June 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

When to Suspect Sleep Apnea and What to Do About It
The objectives of treatment are to improve symptoms, quality of life, and cardiovascular outcomes. The mainstay of treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA is positive airway pressure (PAP). Automated PAP devices may be used in uncomplicated OSA, whereas continuous fixed PAP is the treatment of choice for other patients with OSA, and may also treat a proportion of patients with CSA-CSR. A form of bi-level PAP known as adaptive servoventilation is effective in treating a majority of patients with CSA-CSR.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - June 23, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Cardiovascular Disease in South Asian Migrants
In conclusions, South-Asians have distinct CVD risk predispositions, with a complex relationship to cultural, innate and acquired factors. Although CVD risk factor management and treatment among South-Asians is improving, opportunities exist for further advances. Teaser Within this narrative review we describe current literature regarding the prevalence, incidence, etiology and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in South Asian (SA) Migrants, with a particular focus on coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke and heart failure. We also summarize the role of prominent risk factors contributing to CVD in SA including diab...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - June 22, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Hypertension and sleep apnea
Publication date: Available online 16 May 2015 Source:Canadian Journal of Cardiology Author(s): John S. Floras Obstructive sleep apnea is more prevalent in patients with hypertension than in the general population and many with obstructive sleep apnea also have hypertension. Obstructive sleep apnea increases the risk of hypertension-related morbidities such as stroke, heart failure, and premature death. Are such associations co-incidental or causal and if the latter, what are its implications for clinical practice? Despite compelling epidemiological and mechanistic links between obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension, ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - May 16, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

“When to suspect sleep apnea and what to do about it”
This article provides an overview of the clinical signs and symptoms of sleep apnea, approaches to diagnostic testing and the main therapeutic strategies for both obstructive and central sleep apnea.”
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - April 28, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Troponin Rise in Hospitalized Patients With Nonacute Coronary Syndrome: Retrospective Assessment of Outcomes and Predictors
Conclusions Unlike the published literature, our study includes a variety of both operative and nonoperative clinical settings associated with troponin elevation. We illustrate that although overall mortality is high after type II MI, the majority of mortality is caused by noncardiovascular events.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - March 5, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

CHA2DS2-VASC and CHADS2 Scores Predict Adverse Clinical Events in Pacemaker Patients with Sinus Node Dysfunction Independent of Atrial Fibrillation
Conclusion Both CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores predict risk of death or stroke in patients with sick sinus syndrome, regardless of AF history. These scores could be risk stratification tools for clinical events that could respond to new therapies, i.e. anticoagulation or other interventions, even in the absence of AF. Teaser Currently, CHA2DS2-VASc and CHADS2 scores are tallied only for patients who have atrial fibrillation (AF). We found that these scores predict death and stroke independent of AF. The scores could be risk stratification tools for clinical events that could respond to new therapies, i.e. anticoagulation o...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - February 20, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Right Ventricular Hypertrophy is Associated With Cardiovascular Events in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Evidence From Study With Magnetic Resonance
Conclusions These results suggest that HCM patients with RVH on CMR have a higher incidence of cardiovascular events than non-RVH patients. Further work is needed to confirm this observation and assess its clinical importance. Teaser Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) was found in 28.3% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Because the extent of RVH significantly correlated with left ventricular mass index, not with systolic pulmonary artery pressure, the RV wall could be hypertrophied in a similar manner of left ventricle irrespective of any increase in RV afterload. RVH was an independent predictor of the ...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - January 24, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Overnight Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Its Treatment on Stroke Volume in Patients with Heart Failure
Conclusions In patients with HF, co-existing OSA causes overnight declines in SV and CO that are prevented through reversal of OSA by CPAP.　
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - January 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Atrial Fibrillation Patients Categorized as “Not for Anticoagulation” According to the 2014 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Algorithm Are Not “Low Risk”
Conclusions Based on the 2014 CCS algorithm, the “OAC not recommended” subgroup can have a high 1-year stroke rate overall, showing that such patients are not “low risk.” Use of the ESC guideline approach (based on the CHA2DS2-VASc) offers refinement of stroke risk stratification in such patients.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - January 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Right Atrial Volume Is Superior to Left Atrial Volume for Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence After Direct Current Cardioversion
Conclusions RAVI is superior to LAVI for the prediction of AF recurrence at 6 months after DCCV.
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - January 17, 2015 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

Troponin Rise in non-Acute Coronary Syndrome Hospitalized Patients: Retrospective Assessment of Outcomes and Predictors
Conclusions Unlike published literature, our study includes a variety of both operative and non-operative clinical settings associated with troponin elevation. We illustrate that although overall mortality is high after Type II MI, the majority of mortality is non-cardiovascular. Teaser Troponin elevations, in the absence of primary thrombotic acute coronary syndrome (ACS), are a common clinical occurrence and are associated with worsened overall prognosis. Our study illustrates that troponin elevations in non-ACS settings are associated with increased non-cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, older age, impaired renal f...
Source: Canadian Journal of Cardiology - December 11, 2014 Category: Cardiology Source Type: research

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