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Startling acoustic stimuli can evoke fast hand extension movements in stroke survivors
Movement deficits following stroke are particularly prevalent in the hand leading to significant reduction in independence and the ability to participate in daily functions (Latham, 1989). Therefore, new therapies that target the hand are extremely valuable. Startle-elicited movements have recently been implicated as a possible therapy target. The classic startle reflex that occurs during exposure to a startling stimulus, e.g. loud sound, results in the adoption of a protective stance (flexion of the upper joints).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - June 18, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claire Fletcher Honeycutt, Ursina Andrea Tresch, Eric Jon Perreault Source Type: research

Asymmetries in vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in chronic stroke survivors with spastic hypertonia: Evidence for a vestibulospinal role
Spastic hypertonia or “spasticity” is a frequent and often disabling sequel to hemispheric stroke (Watkins et al., 2002; Urban et al., 2010). It is a motor disorder, manifesting as a sharply lateralized muscular hypertonia on the contralesional side with exaggerated phasic and tonic stretch reflex activity (Lance, 1980). Clinically, spasticity presents as an increase in the resistance of a passive limb to externally applied joint motion and is commonly associated with deficits in both motor and functional performance (Bohannon et al., 1987; O’Dwyer et al., 1996; Watkins et al., 2002; Sommerfeld et al., 2004).
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - March 13, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Derek M. Miller, Cliff S. Klein, Nina L. Suresh, William Z. Rymer Source Type: research

Deficits in startle-evoked arm movements increase with impairment following stroke
Conclusions: We conclude that the task-inappropriate flexor activity likely results from cortical or corticospinal damage leading to an unsuppressed or hypermetric classic startle reflex that interrupts startReact elbow extension.Significance: Given startReact’s functional role in compensation during environmental disturbances, our results may have important implications for our understanding deficits in stroke survivor’s response to unexpected environmental disturbances.
Source: Clinical Neurophysiology - January 10, 2014 Category: Neuroscience Authors: Claire Fletcher Honeycutt, Eric Jon Perreault Tags: Movement, Motor Control and Movement Disorders Source Type: research

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