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The Impact of Sex and Gender on Heart-Brain Axis Dysfunction: Current Concepts and Novel Perspectives.
Abstract The Heart-Brain Axis (HBA) recapitulates all the circuits that regulate bidirectional flow of communication between heart and brain. Several mechanisms may underlie the interdependent relationship involving heterogeneous tissues at rest and during specific target organ injury, such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, arrhythmia, stroke, mood disorders or dementia. In-depth translational studies of the HBA dysfunction under single-organ injury should include both male and female animals to develop sex/gender-oriented prevention, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Indeed, sex and gender are determinin...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - September 30, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Baroni C, Lionetti V Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Antiarrhythmic and cardiac electrophysiological effects of SZV-270, a novel compound with combined Class I/B and Class III effects, in rabbits and dogs.
In conclusion, SZV-270 with its combined Class I/B and III effects can prevent re-entry arrhythmias with reduced risk of provoking drug-induced Torsades de Pointes. PMID: 32970956 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - September 23, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Varga RS, Hornyik T, Husti Z, Kohajda Z, Krajsovszky G, Nagy N, Jost N, Virág L, Tálosi L, Mátyus P, Varró A, Baczkó I Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Early predictive blood markers of hemorrhagic stroke - influence of cytoflavin therapy.
This study aimed to determine early changes in the parameters of oxidative stress and routine biochemistry blood tests in patients with HS and to assess their relationship with clinical outcome. The effects of early applied cytoflavin were also investigated. The prospective study included 151 patients with HS. 48% of patients in the standard conservative therapy was added cytoflavin antioxidant energy therapy from the first day of hospitalization. The neurological status, neuroimaging, biochemical blood tests and free radical processes were assessed on days 1, 5, 10, 20 of hospitalization. In patients with HS, an imbalance...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - September 9, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Silina E, Rumyantceva SA, Stupin VA, Parfenov VA, Bolevich S Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Biased signalling in platelet G-protein-coupled receptors.
Abstract Platelets are small megakaryocyte-derived, anucleate, disk-like structures that play an outsized role in human health and disease. Both a decrease in the number of platelets, as well as a variety of platelet function disorders, result in petechiae or bleeding which can be life threatening. Conversely, the inappropriate activation of platelets, within diseased blood vessels, remains the leading cause of death and morbidity through affecting heart attacks and stroke. The fine balance of the platelet state in healthy individuals is controlled by a number of receptor-mediated signalling pathways that allow th...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - August 25, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Thibeault PE, Ramachrandran R Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Sovateltide (IRL-1620) affects neuronal progenitors and prevents cerebral tissue damage after ischemic stroke.
Abstract Stimulation of endothelin-B receptors by its agonist, IRL-1620 (INN: sovateltide), provides neuroprotection and neurological and motor function improvement following cerebral ischemia. We investigated the effect of sovateltide on stem and progenitor cells mediated neural regeneration and its effect on the cerebral tissue repair, and restoration of neurological and motor function. Sovateltide (5 µg/kg) was injected intravenously in permanent middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rats at 4, 6, and 8 hrs at day 0, 3 and 6. Neurological and motor function tests were carried out pre-MCAO and at day 7 post-MC...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - June 22, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ranjan AK, Briyal S, Khandekar D, Gulati A Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Diabetes-related sex differences in the brain endothelin system following ischemia in vivo and in human brain endothelial cells in vitro.
Abstract The endothelin (ET) system has been implicated to contribute to the pathophysiology of cognitive impairment and stroke in experimental diabetes. Our goals were to test the hypotheses that 1) circulating and/or peri-infarct ET-1 levels are elevated after stroke in both sexes and this increase is greater in diabetes, 2) ET receptors are differentially regulated in the diabetic brain, 3) brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVEC) of female and male origin express the ETA receptor subtype, and 4) diabetes and stroke-mimicking conditions increase ET-1 levels in BMVECs of both sexes. Control and diabetic rat...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - June 3, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Abdul Y, Li W, Vargas JD, Grant E, He L, Jamil S, Ergul A Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) Promotes a Proinflammatory Microglia Phenotype in Diabetic Conditions.
Abstract Diabetes increases the risk and severity of cognitive impairment, especially after ischemic stroke. It is also known that the activation of ET system is associated with cognitive impairment and microglia around periinfarct area produce ET-1. However, little is known about the effect of ET-1 on microglial polarization, especially under diabetic conditions. We hypothesized that a) ET-1 activates microglia to proinflammatory M-1 like phenotype, and b) Hypoxia/LPS activates the microglial ET system and promotes microglial activation towards M-1 phenotype in diabetic conditions. Microglial cells (C8B4) culture...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - March 1, 2020 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Abdul Y, Jamil S, He L, Li W, Ergul A Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Genetics of hyperhomocysteinemia and 1-carbon metabolism: implications for retinal structure and eye functions.
Abstract Homocysteine (Hcy); a sulfur-containing non-proteinogenic amino acid is generated as a metabolic intermediate. Hcy constitutes an important part of the "1-carbon metabolism" during methionine turnover. Elevated levels of Hcy known as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) results from vitamin B deficiency, lack of exercise, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, high fat and methionine rich diet, and the underlying genetic defects. These factors directly affect the "1-carbon metabolism (methionine-Hcy-folate)" of a given cell. In fact, the Hcy levels are determined primarily by dietary intake, vitamin status, and the ge...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - July 31, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: George AK, Majumder A, Ice H, Homme RP, Eyob W, Tyagi SC, Singh M Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Protective effect of ghrelin against tilmicosin-induced left ventricular dysfunction in rats.
This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effects of ghrelin against tilmicosin-induced acute ventricular dysfunction in rats. Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: the control, ghrelin, tilmicosin and ghrelin plus tilmicosin groups. The left ventricular structural and functional parameters with together cardiac biomarker levels were evaluated. The results showed that tilmicosin treatment alone significantly decreased the left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and cardi...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - February 6, 2019 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Çetin E Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Homocysteine and homocysteine-related compounds: an overview of the roles in the pathology of the cardiovascular and nervous systems.
HOMOCYSTEINE AND HOMOCYSTEINE-RELATED COMPOUNDS: AN OVERVIEW OF THE ROLES IN THE PATHOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Aug 21;: Authors: Djuric D, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic VI, Srejovic IM Abstract Homocysteine, sulfhydryl group containing amino acid, is intermediate product during metabolism of the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Hyperhomocysteinema (HHcy) is used as a predictive risk factor for cardiovascular disorders, the stroke progression, screening for inborn errors of Met metabolism, and as a supplementary test for vitamin B12 deficiency. Two org...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - August 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Djuric D, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic VI, Srejovic IM Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Upregulated long non-coding RNA Snhg1 promotes the angiogenesis of brain microvascular endothelial cells after oxygen-glucose deprivation treatment by targeting miR-199a.
In this study, we performed in vitro experiments to investigate the effects of Snhg1 on cell survival and angiogenesis and molecular mechanism in ischemic stroke. Oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to mimic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. Sngh1 was increased in brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) with the prolongation of exposure to OGD, and promoted BMEC survival under OGD/R condition, and angiogenesis after OGD/R treatment. miR-199a was identified and validated to be a direct target of Snhg1, and function effects of Snhg1 on BMEC survival and angiogenesis depended on miR-199a,...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - June 8, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wang Z, Wang R, Wang K, Liu X Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

Mesenteric arteries from spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats exhibit an increase in NO-dependent vasorelaxation.
Abstract The endothelium is crucial for the maintenance of vascular tone by releasing several vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO). Systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) is primarily regulated by the resistance vasculature, which has been shown to exhibit increased vascular reactivity, and decreased vasorelaxation during hypertension. Here, we aimed to determine the mechanism for mesenteric artery vasorelaxation of the spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rat (SHRSP). We hypothesized that eNOS is up-regulated in SHRSP vessels, increasing NO production to compensate for the endothelial dysfunction....
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - February 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Wynne B, Labazi H, Lima V, Carneiro F, Webb RC, Tostes RC, Giachini FR Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

The effect of exercise preconditioning on stroke outcome in ovariectomized mice with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion.
Abstract Exercise preconditioning has been shown to be effective in improving behavioral and neuropathological indices after cerebral ischemia. We evaluated the effect of exercise preconditioning, 17β-estradiol, and their combination on stroke outcome using an experimental model of stroke in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice were randomly assigned to four groups as follows: control (stroke), exercise (exercise and stroke), estradiol (17β-estradiol and stroke), and exercise+estradiol (exercise and 17β-estradiol and stroke). Exercise preconditioning was performed on a treadmill five days per week, 40 min/day, a...
Source: Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology - September 5, 2017 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Naderi S, Alimohammadi R, Hakimizadeh E, Roohbakhsh A, Shamsizadeh A, Allahtavakoli M Tags: Can J Physiol Pharmacol Source Type: research

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